Summary
Goal of Study Expectancy effect and perception are
In Sleep Debt and the Mortgaged Mind, William Dement discusses how to recognize the signs of dangerous sleepiness and urges the importance of education on sleep debt.…
Sleeping is something we spend doing approximately one third of our human life cycle and can vary in quality from one night to another and have a tremendous impact on our daily performance when we awake the next morning by either having a lousy day or having a productive day. “Some 70 million people in the United States have a sleep problem. About 40 million adults suffer from a chronic sleep disorder; an additional 20 – 30 million have intermittent sleep-related…
Sleep is a big part of one’s psychological health. Without sleep, many of our essential cognitive functions would begin to deteriorate. Factors like mood, comprehension, and many more are affected by the lack of sleep in an exceptionally large way. Due to the fact that in humans, we are exceptionally vulnerable mentally as we are physically. Many of us begin to put our well-being in harm’s way by receiving a reduced amount of sleep when compared to the average needed. As illustrated in, Sleep Thieves, Stanley Coren presents an experiment conducted in 1964 by a seventeen year old named Randy Gardner who became the world’s record holder for the longest amount of time spent awake without stimulants. The book, Sleep Thieves, begins to explain…
Whether it may be the looming deadline of a final paper on the Civil Rights Movement or even simply to party and have fun; now and then, everyone has faced an event which has left them awake an entire night. While many might consider that abstaining from sleep once in awhile may not do much harm, this is far from the actual truth. Abstaining from sleep, regardless of frequency, can take a serious toll on one’s body from decreased learning capacity to anxiety, depression, and even bipolar disorder.…
Contributors Christine Acebo PhD Assistant Professor (Research) Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island; Assistant Director, Chronobiology and Sleep Research Laboratory, E.P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, Rhode Island Debbie Akers RPSGT, RRT Manager Sleep Disorders Center, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, Norfolk, Virginia Nadeem Akhtar Post Doctoral Fellow Sleep Medicine Program, Stanford University Medical School/Stanford University Hospital, Stanford, California Donna Arand PhD Assistant Research Professor Department of Neurology, Wright State University School of Medicine; Clinical Director, Sleep Disorders Center, Kettering Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio…
Another reason that DTC advertisements need stricter regulations is because the advertisements mislead consumers with distorted information about drugs. Furthermore, as DTC advertisements give consumers the wrong perspective, consumers would expect false consequences. These false consequences sometimes turn out to be a placebo effect. However, the problem is that placebo effect requires many random circumstances to be triggered, such as doctors and devices (Almasi et al. 284). Therefore, it is hard to expect for all patients to generate a placebo effect. Moreover, these false expectations disrupt the physician-patient relationship because consumers who are educated by misleading advertisements would require alternative treatment…
Sleep is important for our health and well-being. Extensive research has been done on the effects of sleep. These studies consistently show that sleep plays a vital role in promoting physical health, longevity, and emotional well-being. This explains why, after a good night's sleep, we feel better, our thoughts are clearer, and our emotions are less fragile. Without adequate sleep our judgment, mood, and ability to learn and retain information are weakened.…
Placebo effect is defined “as a beneficial effect produced by a placebo drug or treatment, which cannot be attributed to the properties of the placebo itself, and must therefore be due to the patients belief in that treatment.” (placebo effect Oxford Dictionary) The role of placebos in modern medicine is poorly defined because there is a lack of understanding of what the placebo effect is and is a reminder of how little we know about the mind and body interaction. The placebo effect may be one of the most fascinating and versatile therapeutics treatments at the disposal of modern physicians. “The placebo effect is scientific proof that we as humans have the ability to heal ourselves.” In addition, the placebo effect is something scientist and…
Sleep is one of the most fundamental components of a healthy existence. The phenomenon of sleep deprivation, resulting either from lifestyle choices or the undertreatment of sleep related illnesses, could be a factor for a multitude of health disorders prevalent in today’s society (Nature, 2005). It is suggested that people of industrialized countries obtain about 20% less sleep today than they did a century ago. Sleep deprivation has been linked to Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and has also been found to significantly increase the chance of a motor-vehicle accident (Wilson, 2005). In order to address the problem of sleep deprivation, it is imperative that the motivation behind sleep and sleep deprivation is understood. This essay will look at sleep and sleep deprivation through five different perspectives of motivation: evolutionary, psychodynamic, behaviourist, cognitive, and hierarchy of needs. This essay will then argue that by viewing sleep and sleep deprivation from a multitude of perspectives, a holistic understanding of the phenomena might be achieve.…
There are “roughly 64 million insomniacs in the United States” (Chamberlin, 2008). People who suffer with insomnia often have a hard time “falling asleep, staying asleep, and/or waking up too early” (Dowdell & Huffman, 2014, p. 162). There are, however, ways to treat this disorder so the people who suffer with it can rest a little bit better at night. Jack Edinger, psychologist at Duke University, uses cognitive behavioral therapy as his main way to help treat his patients and get them back to sleeping normally. Through this therapy, he helps patients understand how much sleep they need and how they can become calm before going to sleep.…
The activity I chose to write about was on Dr. Walter A. Brown’s article in Scientific American about placebos and their effect on the patients. His article described what a placebo is and if it is ethical for doctors to prescribe this “treatment” to their patients.…
In addition to therapy being an alternative for antidepressants, there is the possible substitute to a daily dosed drug, placebos. A placebo is a substance such as a pill or shot that doesn’t contain any medicine. Placebos are typically used in clinical trials and used as a control for the testing of a real new medication. The main reason a trial has a placebo group is to ensure that any effects that happen are actually caused by the treatment and not some other factors. Many believe that the placebo effect serves no beneficial purpose and only occurs because the patient believes in the substance, the treatment, or the doctor. But this isn’t the case, placebos do in fact produce a beneficial purpose. The cause of the placebo effect is due to…
The article from Dement and Vaughan successfully outlines many of the dangers of sleep debt. However, much of the evidence is said to “believed,” leading to the conclusion that much of the study’s results are consistent, but ultimately could be…
the results of a study that proved that getting more sleep could improve many things about a…
Mitchell, M. D., Gehrman, P., Perlis, M., & Umscheid, C. A. (2012). Comparative effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a systematic review. BMC Family Practice, 13(1), 40-50. doi:10.1186/1471-2296-13-40…