Section A
Part One
1. a
2. b
3. d
4. a
5. a
6. a
7. b
8. d
9. a
10. d
Part Two:
1. Administration and Management:-
Administration and Management are generally taken to mean as one and the same and are often used interchangeably.
Administration can be defined as the universal process of organizing people and resources efficiently so as to direct activities towards common goals and objectives.
Management in all business and human organization activity is simply the act of getting people together to accomplished desired goals.
Management is the vital aspect of the economic life of man. Management is a vital function concerned with all aspects of the working of an enterprise. Management refers to different processes or steps of management, right from planning to organizing, staffing, supervising and controlling. Management is the process of getting things done by and in cooperation with others.
Administration is the function in industry concerned with the determination of the corporate policy, the co-ordination of finance, production and distribution whereas Management is the function of policies and is a determinative function while management is executive of policies within the limits setup by administration. Administration is formulation of policies and is a determinative function; management is execution of policies and is an executive function. Administration involves the overall setting of major objectives determination of policies, identifying general purposes laying down broad programmes, major objectives, while management is the active direction of human efforts with a view to getting things done.
Management is a manifold activity. It is carried on at different levels of the organization structure. This stage in the organization where a particular type of function starts is called a level of management. Levels of management refer to a line of