Pseudomonas Lab Report
The plate count agar, CFC agar and cetrimide agar are used and provided different evidences on the isolation of Pseudomonas from the soil experiment. Firstly, the plate count agar is a medium for the enumeration of viable organisms in food, water, waste water and also from clinical samples, and thus it is non-selective to any species. Whereas the CFC agar is a selective agar which contains reduced amounts of cetrimide but also cephaloridine and fucidin are added to allow the isolation of most Pseudomonas species. If the Pseudomonas species are present, a blue-green or brown pigmentation under the daylight, or fluorescence can be taken as a presumptive evidence under UV light. In the experiment, we had observed the colonies under UV light and
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a few fluorescent colonies are found in CFC agar plate.
Besides, the cetrimide agar is a selective medium for isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa only. The cetrmide inhibits the growth of a Gram-positive organisms, and some Gram-negative organism. When P.aeruginosa grows on the medium it produces a bright green colour pigments (a combination colour of the presence of magnesium chloride and potassium sulphate).
The membrane filtration technique is used to isolate the Pseudomonas and coliforms in water samples taken from a swimming pool and a spa pool. From the results displayed on table 3, the bacteria present from the spa pool is most likely to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa because the colonies is found on cetrimide agar which is selective for P.aeruginosa. However, none of the coliforms is obtained from the spa pool sample because no colony is grown on the MLS agar. Whereas from the swimming pool water sample, both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and coliforms are likely to present as colonies are grown on both Cetrimide agar and MLS agar which selective to coliforms.
To confirm if this was the case, further tests such as grain stain, oxidase test, a Hugh and Leifson test and pyocyanin production test can be carried to make sure the colonies collected from the Cetrimide and MLS agar are Pseudomonas aeruginosa or coliform.
Coliform is found in the intestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals including humans. The presence of fecal coliform at swimming pool is evidence that human or animal waste has been or is present (eg. via contaminated shoes or leaves in outdoor pools). This can be cause for concern because many diseases can be spread through fecal transmission. Coliform in swimming water will not necessarily make people ill, a coliform count of up to 10 cfu/100 ml is acceptable. However, since these organisms are present, other disease-causing organisms may also be present and may cause some common waterborne diseases, for example giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis, through indirectly by swallowing water that has been contaminated. On the other hand, a well operated spa or swimming pools should not normally contain Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Pseudomonas tends to accumulate in biofilms in filters that are poorly maintained and in areas where pool hydraulics are poor (e.g. under moveable floors). It is also likely that bathers pick up the organisms on their feet and hands and transfer them to the water. It can cause skin, ear and eye infections when present in large numbers and outbreaks of skin infections (especially to people with CF and immunocompromised). The primary health effect associated with the presence of P. aeruginosa is folliculitis, an infection of the hair follicles that may result in a pustular rash. Another health effect is otitis externa, repeated exposure to water is thought to remove the protective wax coating of the external ear canal, predisposing it to infection. Consequently, P. aeruginosa should be monitored at appropriate intervals and thus it is not safe to use the pools if P. aeruginosa is …show more content…
existing.
From the data on isolation of Pseudomonas, we understand that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa are present in the soil where the natural environment is.
However, it can also enter our body via different route. If it enters lung tissue, for example in a cystic fibrosis patient, it can cause a form of pneumonia. Patient who being infected may have the following symptoms in different part of the body: pneumonia in the respiratory tract, bacteremia in the bloodstream, diarrhea and enteritis in the GI tract, otitis externa and media in the ear, etc. And unfortunately, the patient in this experiment is likely been infected with P. aeruginosa after tested the sputum sample.
P. aeruginosa infections are considered opportunistic infections, which therefore is a frequent cause of chronic respiratory infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. As many as 80% of cystic fibrosis patients may be colonised in the lung with P. aeruginosa and, once established, it is very resistant to antibiotic treatment.
The increase in antibiotic resistance had made treating infection much more challenging. P. aeruginosa can often develop resistance to multiple types of antibiotics as well as mutate into new, even more resistant forms. However, there are still a number of antibiotic which can tackle P. aeruginosa
infection.
This infection is usually treated with a combination of an antipseudomonal beta-lactam and an aminoglycoside.
a few fluorescent colonies are found in CFC agar plate.
Besides, the cetrimide agar is a selective medium for isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa only. The cetrmide inhibits the growth of a Gram-positive organisms, and some Gram-negative organism. When P.aeruginosa grows on the medium it produces a bright green colour pigments (a combination colour of the presence of magnesium chloride and potassium sulphate).
The membrane filtration technique is used to isolate the Pseudomonas and coliforms in water samples taken from a swimming pool and a spa pool. From the results displayed on table 3, the bacteria present from the spa pool is most likely to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa because the colonies is found on cetrimide agar which is selective for P.aeruginosa. However, none of the coliforms is obtained from the spa pool sample because no colony is grown on the MLS agar. Whereas from the swimming pool water sample, both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and coliforms are likely to present as colonies are grown on both Cetrimide agar and MLS agar which selective to coliforms.
To confirm if this was the case, further tests such as grain stain, oxidase test, a Hugh and Leifson test and pyocyanin production test can be carried to make sure the colonies collected from the Cetrimide and MLS agar are Pseudomonas aeruginosa or coliform.
Coliform is found in the intestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals including humans. The presence of fecal coliform at swimming pool is evidence that human or animal waste has been or is present (eg. via contaminated shoes or leaves in outdoor pools). This can be cause for concern because many diseases can be spread through fecal transmission. Coliform in swimming water will not necessarily make people ill, a coliform count of up to 10 cfu/100 ml is acceptable. However, since these organisms are present, other disease-causing organisms may also be present and may cause some common waterborne diseases, for example giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis, through indirectly by swallowing water that has been contaminated. On the other hand, a well operated spa or swimming pools should not normally contain Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Pseudomonas tends to accumulate in biofilms in filters that are poorly maintained and in areas where pool hydraulics are poor (e.g. under moveable floors). It is also likely that bathers pick up the organisms on their feet and hands and transfer them to the water. It can cause skin, ear and eye infections when present in large numbers and outbreaks of skin infections (especially to people with CF and immunocompromised). The primary health effect associated with the presence of P. aeruginosa is folliculitis, an infection of the hair follicles that may result in a pustular rash. Another health effect is otitis externa, repeated exposure to water is thought to remove the protective wax coating of the external ear canal, predisposing it to infection. Consequently, P. aeruginosa should be monitored at appropriate intervals and thus it is not safe to use the pools if P. aeruginosa is …show more content…
existing.
From the data on isolation of Pseudomonas, we understand that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa are present in the soil where the natural environment is.
However, it can also enter our body via different route. If it enters lung tissue, for example in a cystic fibrosis patient, it can cause a form of pneumonia. Patient who being infected may have the following symptoms in different part of the body: pneumonia in the respiratory tract, bacteremia in the bloodstream, diarrhea and enteritis in the GI tract, otitis externa and media in the ear, etc. And unfortunately, the patient in this experiment is likely been infected with P. aeruginosa after tested the sputum sample.
P. aeruginosa infections are considered opportunistic infections, which therefore is a frequent cause of chronic respiratory infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. As many as 80% of cystic fibrosis patients may be colonised in the lung with P. aeruginosa and, once established, it is very resistant to antibiotic treatment.
The increase in antibiotic resistance had made treating infection much more challenging. P. aeruginosa can often develop resistance to multiple types of antibiotics as well as mutate into new, even more resistant forms. However, there are still a number of antibiotic which can tackle P. aeruginosa
infection.
This infection is usually treated with a combination of an antipseudomonal beta-lactam and an aminoglycoside.