PSYCH 102 Chapter Outline
PSYCH 102
WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY scientific study of behavior and mental processes (cognitions, emotions, motivations, perceptions, sensations)
PRE-SCIENTIFIC
Buddha questioned the nature of self & how sensations & perceptions combine to form ideas
Confucius stressed the power of ideas and the importance of an educated mind.
BIOLOGICAL/MEDICINAL/PHILOSOPICAL ROOTS
Hippocrates (460-377 BC) & Galen (130-200) proposed that imbalances in one of the body’s four basic substances (humours) affect one’s physical health and temperament (personality, emotions, behaviours).
Pythagoras (580-500 BC), a dualist was interested in the relationship between psychological events (perceptions) and physical events.
Socrates (469-399 BC) & Plato (427-347 BC) believed that knowledge was innate. They were also dualists & proposed that the soul/mind was separate from the body & immortal.
Aristotle (384-322 BC) rejected dualism and the idea that ideas are innate. He proposed that knowledge is gained through sensory experience and observation.
René Descartes (1596–1650) was a dualist and proposed that mind and body interact at the pineal gland. He hypothesized that the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain’s cavities contained spirits which flowed from the brain through the nerves to the muscles, provoking movement.
Francis Bacon (1561–1626) & John Locke (1632–1704) formed modern empiricism: the view that knowledge originates in experience (tabula rasa) and that science should therefore rely on observation and experimentation.
THE BIRTH OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Psychology as a science was influenced by the goals of wissenshaft & bildung
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) founded the first experimental laboratory at the University of Leipzig Germany in December 1879
Experiments were designed to measure the “atoms of the mind”
Structuralism was an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind
Edward Bradford Titchener
Functionalism was a
WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY scientific study of behavior and mental processes (cognitions, emotions, motivations, perceptions, sensations)
PRE-SCIENTIFIC
Buddha questioned the nature of self & how sensations & perceptions combine to form ideas
Confucius stressed the power of ideas and the importance of an educated mind.
BIOLOGICAL/MEDICINAL/PHILOSOPICAL ROOTS
Hippocrates (460-377 BC) & Galen (130-200) proposed that imbalances in one of the body’s four basic substances (humours) affect one’s physical health and temperament (personality, emotions, behaviours).
Pythagoras (580-500 BC), a dualist was interested in the relationship between psychological events (perceptions) and physical events.
Socrates (469-399 BC) & Plato (427-347 BC) believed that knowledge was innate. They were also dualists & proposed that the soul/mind was separate from the body & immortal.
Aristotle (384-322 BC) rejected dualism and the idea that ideas are innate. He proposed that knowledge is gained through sensory experience and observation.
René Descartes (1596–1650) was a dualist and proposed that mind and body interact at the pineal gland. He hypothesized that the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain’s cavities contained spirits which flowed from the brain through the nerves to the muscles, provoking movement.
Francis Bacon (1561–1626) & John Locke (1632–1704) formed modern empiricism: the view that knowledge originates in experience (tabula rasa) and that science should therefore rely on observation and experimentation.
THE BIRTH OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Psychology as a science was influenced by the goals of wissenshaft & bildung
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) founded the first experimental laboratory at the University of Leipzig Germany in December 1879
Experiments were designed to measure the “atoms of the mind”
Structuralism was an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind
Edward Bradford Titchener
Functionalism was a