psych outline
Chapter 2 Outline: The Biological Basis of Behavior
Hemispherectomies: the removal or the left or right half of the brain. (often used to treat seizures). Improves speech, coordination, ect. The internal environment of the brain is often calmer and their external environment is enhanced and better.
The brain is the “master control” of all the body’s functions.
Our brains have billions of cells that make up pathways, networks, and back-up systems.
The two sides of the brain are similar but NOT identical.
The human brain has plasticity: the ability to adapt to new environmental conditions. The brain responds and changes. (kind of like homeostasis).
Psychobiology: the branch of psychology that deals with the biological bases of behavior and mental processes.
Neurons: nerve cells
Nervous system central nervous system/peripheral nervous system and the endocrine system which sends messages through the blood.
I. Neurons: The Messengers
a. The average human being has 100 billion nerve cells or neurons.
b. Neurons are specialized to receive and transmit information.
c. Neuron’s cell body is made up of a nucleus, cytoplasm, and the cell membrane.
d. All around the neuron are dendrites: short fibers that branch out from the cell body and pick up incoming messages.
e. Axon: a single long fiber extending from the cell body; it carries outgoing messages
nerve or tract: a bunch of axons bundled together.
Covered by a myelin sheath: white fatty covering found on some axons. “microscopic sausages”
Unmyelinated axons are called grey matter.
Provides insulation so information does not interfere with certain neurons and increases the speed at which they are sent.
f. Sensory or afferent neurons: neurons that collect messages from sense organs and carry those messages to the spinal cord or brain.
g. Motor or efferent neurons: neurons that carry messages from the spinal cord or the brain to the muscles and glands.
h. Interneuron or association neurons: neurons
Hemispherectomies: the removal or the left or right half of the brain. (often used to treat seizures). Improves speech, coordination, ect. The internal environment of the brain is often calmer and their external environment is enhanced and better.
The brain is the “master control” of all the body’s functions.
Our brains have billions of cells that make up pathways, networks, and back-up systems.
The two sides of the brain are similar but NOT identical.
The human brain has plasticity: the ability to adapt to new environmental conditions. The brain responds and changes. (kind of like homeostasis).
Psychobiology: the branch of psychology that deals with the biological bases of behavior and mental processes.
Neurons: nerve cells
Nervous system central nervous system/peripheral nervous system and the endocrine system which sends messages through the blood.
I. Neurons: The Messengers
a. The average human being has 100 billion nerve cells or neurons.
b. Neurons are specialized to receive and transmit information.
c. Neuron’s cell body is made up of a nucleus, cytoplasm, and the cell membrane.
d. All around the neuron are dendrites: short fibers that branch out from the cell body and pick up incoming messages.
e. Axon: a single long fiber extending from the cell body; it carries outgoing messages
nerve or tract: a bunch of axons bundled together.
Covered by a myelin sheath: white fatty covering found on some axons. “microscopic sausages”
Unmyelinated axons are called grey matter.
Provides insulation so information does not interfere with certain neurons and increases the speed at which they are sent.
f. Sensory or afferent neurons: neurons that collect messages from sense organs and carry those messages to the spinal cord or brain.
g. Motor or efferent neurons: neurons that carry messages from the spinal cord or the brain to the muscles and glands.
h. Interneuron or association neurons: neurons