Rukun Negara

1. RUKUN NEGARA: THE NATIONAL IDEOLOGY

4.1.1 The Background of Rukun Negara

|Date |Incidence/Instrument |Notes |
|13 May 1969 |Racial clash erupted |a local quarrel flared into a racial clash |
|16 May 1969 |The Yang di-Pertuan Agong(YDA) declared a state of |Special Ordinance (Special powers) Emergency, 1969 |
| |emergency. Parliament was suspended. NOC was formed. |Curfew enforced |
| | |Assemblies banned |
| | |Security controls tightened |
|August-Dec 1969 |Special Peace and Development bodies formed: |Later combined to form the Ministry of National Unity |
| |National Muhibah Committee | |
| |National Unity Department | |
|29 Jan 1970 |National Consultative/Unity Council was formed |Advisory body for National Operations Council (NOC) |
| |Special Rukun Negara committee was setup |Formulated normative guidance and set of values for unity |
|31 August 1970 |Rukun Negara as National Ideology was formalized |Declaration by YDA on Malaysia’s 13th Independence Anniversary|

Table 4.0: Background to the Formulation of Rukun Negara

4.1.2 Analysis and Implications of the Tragedy

1. The bloody tragedy of