sains
Fakulti Pendidikan dan Bahasa
September 2011 ( SMP KHAS )
OUMH1203
English For Written Communication
TOPIC 1 ►CLASSIFICATION OF CYBER CRIMES
► INTRODUCTION
The crimes committed against computers have been growing gradually during 21st century. This situation is started to claim attention in national capitals. The major platforms for transactions by using communication technologies in government and company infrastructure become potential victims of cyber crime. Individuals’ personal data in banks or government institutions will be revealed. However, existing laws are still unenforceable against the crimes.
1.1 WHAT IS CYBER CRIME?
According to the definition in the dictionary, “Cyber crime” means “a criminal activity committed on the internet. This is a broad term that describes everything from electronic cracking to denial of service attacks that cause electronic commerce sites to lose money".
As the classification of President of www.cyberlaws.net and consultant, Mr. Pavan Duggal, cybercrimes can be basically divided into 3 major categories. They are Cyber crimes against persons, Cyber crimes against property and Cyber crimes against government.
The Council of Europe Convention on Cyber crime defines computer-related crimes as: computer-related offences such as forgery and fraud, content-related offences such as child pornography, offences related to infringements of copyright such as the illegal online sharing of copyrighted material, offences against the confidentiality, integrity and
availability of computer data and systems such as illegal access, illegal interception, data interference and system interference.
In Grabosky & Smith (1998), the following categories of crime were found to be emerging in the digital age:
1. Illegal telecommunications interception (e.g. hacking, cracking, data manipulation)
2. Electronic vandalism
3. Electronic terrorism (e.g. viruses,
September 2011 ( SMP KHAS )
OUMH1203
English For Written Communication
TOPIC 1 ►CLASSIFICATION OF CYBER CRIMES
► INTRODUCTION
The crimes committed against computers have been growing gradually during 21st century. This situation is started to claim attention in national capitals. The major platforms for transactions by using communication technologies in government and company infrastructure become potential victims of cyber crime. Individuals’ personal data in banks or government institutions will be revealed. However, existing laws are still unenforceable against the crimes.
1.1 WHAT IS CYBER CRIME?
According to the definition in the dictionary, “Cyber crime” means “a criminal activity committed on the internet. This is a broad term that describes everything from electronic cracking to denial of service attacks that cause electronic commerce sites to lose money".
As the classification of President of www.cyberlaws.net and consultant, Mr. Pavan Duggal, cybercrimes can be basically divided into 3 major categories. They are Cyber crimes against persons, Cyber crimes against property and Cyber crimes against government.
The Council of Europe Convention on Cyber crime defines computer-related crimes as: computer-related offences such as forgery and fraud, content-related offences such as child pornography, offences related to infringements of copyright such as the illegal online sharing of copyrighted material, offences against the confidentiality, integrity and
availability of computer data and systems such as illegal access, illegal interception, data interference and system interference.
In Grabosky & Smith (1998), the following categories of crime were found to be emerging in the digital age:
1. Illegal telecommunications interception (e.g. hacking, cracking, data manipulation)
2. Electronic vandalism
3. Electronic terrorism (e.g. viruses,