Satisficing Model Paper

1. A satisficing model is a model that will find a good - but not necessarily the best- problem solution. It should be used in a decision such as in selecting a location for a new manufacturing plant. To find the optimal location, you must consider all cities in the United States or the world. A satisficing approach is to consider only five or ten cities that might satisfy the company's requirements.
2. Intelligence and design are two stages in the Decision making and problem solving models. Intelligence is the first stage while design is the second stage. During the intelligence stage potential problems or opportunities are identified and define. During the design stage, alternative solutions to the problems identified in the intelligence
stage are developed.
3. Intelligence, design, choice, implementation, and monitoring.
4. A structured problem is a problem that is easy to quantify because the decisions involved in the process adhere to rules. Unstructured problems, on the other hand, are difficult to quantify and deal with unusual or exceptional situations. An example of a structured problem is programming a computer to order more products when inventory levels drop under a certain level. An example of an unstructured problem is determining the appropriate training program for a new employee.
5. An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices used to support problem-specific decision making. Its characteristics include the ability to assist with all or most problem solving phases, decision frequencies and different degrees of problem structure. DSS approaches can also help at all levels of decision-making process.
6. An executive support system is a specialized DSS that includes all hardware, software, data, procedures, and people used to assist senior-level executives within the organization. They serve to indicate issues of importance to the organization, indicate new directions the company might take, and help executives monitor the company's progress.
7. A Community of practice is a group of people dedicated to a common discipline or practice, such as open-source software, auditing, medicine, or engineering
8. Natural language processing is a process that allows the computer to understand and react to statements and commands made in a "natural" language, such as English. The three levels of voice recognition are: basic, advanced, and very advanced (CH2).
9.
Organizations should develop an expert system if it can do any of the following: provide a high potential payoff or significantly reduce downside risk; capture and preserve irreplaceable human expertise; solve a problem that is not easily solved using traditional programming techniques; develop a system more consistent than human experts; provide expertise needed at a number of locations at the same time or in a hostile environment that is dangerous to human health; provide expertise that is expensive or rare; develop a solution faster than human experts can; provide expertise needed for training and development to share the wisdom and experience of human experts with many people.
10. Fuzzy logic is knowledge and relationships that are not precise or exact. Fuzzy logical allows shades of gray, or what is known as "fuzzy sets." Fuzzy logic rules help computers evaluate the imperfect or imprecise conditions they encounter and make educated guesses based on the probability of correctness of the decision.
11. Informatics is a specialized system that combines traditional disciplines, such as science and medicine, with computer systems and technology. A few examples include: Bioinformatics, computational biology, and medical
informatics.
12. Virtual reality has been used to increase real estate sales in several powerful ways. RealSpace Vision Communication, for example, helps real estate developers showcase their properties with virtual reality tours. Virtual technology has also been applied by the military. To help with aircraft maintenance, a virtual reality system has been developed to simulate an aircraft and give a user a sense of touch, while computer graphics provide a sense of sight and sound. The user sees, touches, and manipulates the various parts of the virtual aircraft during training. The Virtual Aircraft Maintenance System simulates real-world maintenance tasks that are routinely performed on the AV-8B vertical takeoff and landing aircraft used by the U.S Marines. Boeing uses virtual reality to help it design and manufacture airplanes parts and new planes, including the 787 Dreamliner. Boeing uses 3D PLM from Dassault Systems.
13.
Information system stakeholders are people who, either themselves or through the area of the organization they represent, ultimately benefit from the systems development project.
14. Technical, economic, legal, operational and schedule.
15. The purpose of system analysis is to determine what the information system must do to solve a problem by studying existing systems and work processes to indentify strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for improvement.
16. Prototyping is an alternative approach to systems development that takes an iterative approach to the systems development process.
17. The steps in Object-oriented systems development are: Identifying potential problems and opportunities within the organization that would be appropriate for the OO approach; defining what kind of system users require; designing the system; programming or modifying modules; evaluation by users; periodic review and modification.
18. The reason for program maintenance is to enhance the system to make it more useful in achieving user and organizational goals. Maintenance also ensures the system operates correctly.
19. A program that prevents computer waste and mistakes should: establish policies and procedures; implements policies and procedures; monitor policies and procedures; review policies and
procedures.
20. Phishing is a scam that consists in directing customers to a fake Web site operated by someone trying to access their private information. Some of the actions that you can take to reduce the likelihood of being a victim of this crime include: don't judge a company based on appearances; do not enter your credit card information or personal information on a website that has been directed to you by a link; beware of e-mails claiming to be from eBay security team especially if the E-mail claims that there is a security issue to resolve.
21. In order to protect yourself against viruses and worms you should install antivirus software and run it often; update antivirus software often; scan all removable media, including CDs, before copying or running programs from them; install software only from a sealed package or secure web site of a known software company; follow careful downloading practices; if you detect a virus, take immediate action; always remain vigilant and never open a suspicious attachment.
22. Don't agree to anything in a high-pressure meeting or seminar; don't judge a company based on appearances; avoid any plan that pays commissions simply for recruiting additional distributors; beware of shills, people paid by a company to lie about how much they've earned and how easy the plan was to operate; If you are interested in starting a home-based business, get a complete description of the work involved before you send any money.
23. Copyright law protects authored works such as art, books, film, and music. Patent laws protect processes, machines, objects made by humans or machines, compositions of matter and new uses of these items.
24. Ergonomics is the science of designing machines, products, and systems to maximize the safety, comfort, and efficiency of the people who use them. It can be applied to office workers by designing work environments that reduce work stressors, so employees can be more productive.
25. If I was to select topic for a tenth chapter in the text book I would have chosen a study of what computer technology will bring forth in the next decade. I would have liked to see what companies in the leading edge of technology are doing now and what they see themselves doing in the next ten years. Even if after ten year we find that the book was incorrect in its assumptions, it would have been a nice addition to it. I think it would have been interesting to have an academic discussion as to what we can expect in the future based on the technology we have today. I'm sure there are many research projects going on today that will define how we use computer technology tomorrow.