Sectionalism Vs Anti Federalism

The idea of creating political parties were highly contested and opposed by President George Washington. In Washington’s Farewell Address he advised the government of, “the baneful effects of the Spirit of Party” in which he believed that dividing the government would cause grave problems for the nation’s success. Regardless, through the creation of the U.S. Constitution, two distinct political parties formed: the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The formation of opposing parties led to the first evidence of a divided nation, resulting in controversy between political powers such as Alexander Hamilton (Federalist) and Thomas Jefferson (Anti-Federalist). This divide in political power created a sense of sectionalism rather than nationalism,
Appointed in 1801 by President John Adams, Marshall served the highest judicial role for over 34 years. Marbury v. Madison (1803) was the first case where Marshall used judicial review to structure judicial power over Congress by having a broad, Federalist interpretation of the Constitution. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) was the first case in which Marshall structured the Congressional power that the Constitution offers. In the court’s decision, it said, “let the ends be legitimate, let it be within the scope of the constitution, and all means which are appropriate, which are plainly adopted to that end, which are not prohibited, but consist with the letter and spirit of the constitution, are constitutional." The court based their decision on Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution which states, “The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises… but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States.” This landmark decision by the Marshall court would help stress the idea of economic development by allowing the establishment of a second United States Bank which would continue the role of a national banks that Hamilton proposed. The Marshall court also ruled on Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) which was the first case that structures governmental power of state. This decision allowed for Congress to have authority and control over the development of interstate commerce. These three cases allowed for the Federalist viewpoint to linger through the verdicts of the Marshall