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Semantic and Lexical Relation

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Semantic and Lexical Relation
Semantic and Lexical Relation
By
Kifah Talib Tawfiq

This seminar consists of the following paragraphs
1-Introduction
2- Definition of the terms (Semantic and lexical)
3- The relation between the two terms 4-Conclusion 1- Introduction

What is Semantics and lexical?

1- What is semantics?

Semantics is the study of meaning. It is a wide subject within the general study of language. An understanding of semantics is essential to the study of language acquisition (how language users acquire a sense of meaning, as speakers and writers, listeners and readers) and of language change (how meanings alter over time). It is important for understanding language in social contexts, as these are likely to affect meaning, and for understanding varieties of English and effects of style. It is thus one of the most fundamental concepts in linguistics. The study of semantics includes the study of how meaning is constructed, interpreted, clarified, obscured, illustrated, simplified negotiated, contradicted and paraphrased.

The branch of linguistics and logic concerned with meaning. The two main areas are logical semantics, concerned with matters such as sense and reference and presupposition and implication, and lexical semantics, concerned with the analysis of word meanings and relations between them.
Lexical and semantics are terms used in relation to aspects of language.
Semantic fields

In studying the lexicon of English (or any language) we may group together lexemes which inter-relate, in the sense that we need them to define or describe each other. For example we can see how such lexemes as cat, feline, moggy, puss, kitten, tom, queen and miaow occupy the same semantic field. We can also see that some lexemes will occupy many fields: noise will appear in semantic fields for acoustics, pain or discomfort and electronics (noise = “interference”). Although such fields are not clear-cut and coherent, they are akin to the kind of groupings children



References: 1. Charles, W. G. The categorization of sentential contexts. J. Psycholinguistic Res. 17, 5 (Sept. 1988), 403--411. 2. Francis, W. N., and Kucera, H. Frequency Analysis of English Usage: Lexicon and Grammar. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, Mass., 1982. 3. Leacock, C., Towell, G., and Voorhees, E. M. Towards building contextual representations of word senses using statistical models. In Proceedings of the Workshop on the Acquisition of Lexical Knowledge from Text ( Columbus, Ohio, June 21) ACL/SIGLEX, 1993 , pp. 10--20. 4. Miller, G. A., Ed. WordNet: An on-line lexical database. International Journal of Lexicography 3, 4 (Winter 1990), 235--312. 5. Miller, G. A,. and Charles, W. G. Contextual correlates of semantic similarity. Language and Cognitive Processes 6, 1 (Feb. 1991), 1--28. 6. Miller, G. A., and Fellbaum, C. Semantic networks of english. In B. Levin and , S. Pinker Eds. Lexical and Conceptual Semantics. Blackwell, Cambridge and Oxford, England, 1992, pp. 197--229. 7. Miller, G. A., Leacock, C., Tengi, R., and Bunker, R. A semantic concordance. In Proceedings of the ARPA Human Language Technology Workshop ( Princeton, NJ, March 21--23). 1993, pp. 303--308.

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