Sham Acupuncture: A Nonconventional Treatment
OUTLINE FOR ACUPUNCTURE AS A NONCONVENTIONAL TREATMENT FOR CHRONIC NECK PAIN
100W Section 1
DL Murphy
April 20, 2014
1. Intro: Acupuncture as a nonconventional treatment for chronic neck pain (L1)
a) Acupuncture is increasingly being used as a nonconventional treatment for chronic neck pain. It’s well tolerated, with relatively low risk of serious adverse effects (Blossfeldt 2004, p. 146).
b) Both traditional and modern acupuncture techniques adversely result in reported improvement in neck pain patterns (Liang et al, 8).
c) Acupuncture is a widely accepted and used as a complementary therapy that is useful in the management of neck pain, caused by Cervical Spondylosis (CS). This paper will present a relatively …show more content…
randomized controlled trial protocol that can be used to evaluate the use of acupuncture for the CS neck pain, subsequently comparing the effects of the optimized acupuncture therapy in real health care practice compared with shallow and sham acupuncture (Blossfeldt 2004, p. 146).
d) Systematic review based on the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment for chronic neck pain found the evidence to be inconclusive. Some of the studies produced results that are positive in favor of acupuncture, while others produced negative and vague findings. Furthermore, the aim of this research is to provide clinical trials for the treatment of chronic neck pain using acupuncture therapy in regard to various research findings (Salter et al, 2004, p 10).
e) In accordance to the National Health Statistics and Reports, medical professionals can use survey data analysis to measure the pain level of the patient before and after acupuncture treatment.
2. Methods (L1)
a) Collected literature review of meta-analyses of optimized, shallow and sham acupuncture treatment for patients or individuals with chronic neck pain.
b) The variables examined: optimized, shallow and sham acupuncture.
c) Limitations in this study include absenteeism of several people the day of giving tests.
d) Delimitations in this study includes: the number of people in the survey, the diagnostic tools used in the study, and the length of time the study was examined.
e) The Database used includes: Academic Search Premier and SPORTDiscus.
f) Search items were collected through searching peer reviewed journal articles.
g) Keywords: Chronic neck pain treatment, optimize acupuncture, Shallow acupuncture, Sham acupuncture.
3. Acupuncture Practice overview (L1)
a) Assumed to be one of the oldest healing practices in the world
b) It is a technique whereby professionals insert needles in specific points on the patient’s body (Liang et al, 8).
c) It originates from the traditional Chinese medicine (Liang et al, 8).
d) Believed to regulate and control the flow of a person’s vital energy, as well as long pathways, referred to as meridians (Willich et al, 2006, p. 98).
4. Populations and acupuncture
a) Acupuncture is an old healing practice in other parts of the worlds, such as traditional China, though new in the United States.
b) According to National Health Interview Survey of 2007, which also involved the survey of CAM use by Americans, 1.4 percent of the respondents were found to use acupuncture in the past year. The 3.1 million Americans stated their use was mainly for severe migraine and recurring pain. Half of them used acupuncture for treatment of chronic neck pain (Sun et al, 2009, p. 850).
c) Backed by the number of people who use acupuncture for chronic neck pain treatment, it is obvious for physicians to regard it as an ideal treatment option for chronic neck …show more content…
pain.
d) Consequently, there was not enough research to limit the adult groups to either male or female in this study.
5. Types of acupuncture (L2)
a. Optimized acupuncture therapy (L3)
a) OAT entails the traditional acupuncture, which is followed by intradermal needle therapy, INT.
b) Nine acupuncture points are selected for an OAT group on the basis of advice and consensus of the national expert committee of the acupuncture that is given above (Hush 2004, p. 1533)
c) Four points have to be located by the individual intending to do the OAT. These points are cervical positive reaction planes at the top and bottom of the cervical reaction planes and horizontally away from cervical vertebra that is corresponding (Witt 2004, p. 99).
d) Commonly, physicians who perform these therapies have more than 5 years of acupuncture experience.
b. Sham acupuncture (L3)
a) It involves the use of skin penetrating shallow needles on the specified sham groups.
b) Typically, the location of sham points is commonly defined by 25mm lateral extending to the standard location used for the OAT group.
c) They include: the sham point of Dazhui (GV14) 25mm, which is 25 mm vertically below the usual standard GV14, sham points of (S115) Jianzhongshu and Huatuojiaji, which is 25 mm lateral to standard S115 (Liang et al, 8).
d) After the sham acupuncture, individuals undergoing the process or patients are treated through the use of point pressing (De Loose, 2008, p. 475). c. Shallow acupuncture (L3)
a) Shallow acupuncture group undergoes similar procedures as the other OAT groups.
b) However, the physicians are required to insert the needles in a vertical manner in order to reach the subcutaneous level at a specified depth of not more than 3 mm (Salter et al, 2004).
c) Needle manipulation or any other sensation is prohibited in this particular group.
d) Ultimately, after the shallow acupuncture, the patients are additionally treated by INT through the use of a similar method as in the other OAT groups.
6. Research of Acupuncture Case Study (L2)
a) The researchers intended to discover if the various methods of acupuncture can reduce pain and relatively medical expenses in patients or individuals with chronic neck pain.
b) POMS (profile of mood states) and the perceived pain scales were utilized as tools in the research to measure the changes in pain, as well as moods of the patients (De Loose, 2008, p. 475).
c) The researchers found out that the AOT group significantly had reduced pain, medical cost by some margins and enhanced a happier mood to the patients (Salter et al, 2004, p. 10).
d) The findings of the acupuncture therapy group were subsequently compared to the control group.
e) The overall results from the survey while using the control group did not showcase any improvement (Chen et al, 2010, p. 47).
f) The study was concluded by the findings that acupuncture therapy greatly relieves pain and generally improves the state of mind of the patient.
g) Ultimately, the AOT group is found to reduce pain, hence it is effective in treating patients or individuals with chronic neck pain.
7.
Discussion (L1)
a) It is evident that the various methods of acupuncture are highly beneficial and effective for treating patients or individuals with chronic neck pain.
b) The multiple studies have provided evidential information that shows the acupuncture methods of optimization, shallow and sham yielding a substantial improvement in patients suffering from chronic neck pain (Salter et al, 2004).
c) The National Health Interview Survey conducted in 2007, found out that 1.4 percent of their correspondents stated to have used the acupuncture therapy to treat neck pain among other forms of recurring forms in 2006. It provides a proof that its effectiveness attributes to its use among the Americans.
d) Blossfeldt, in his article asserts that the success rate when using the AOT was at 68 percent. Short-term consideration of the same showed 78 percent effectiveness and 49 percent effectiveness on a long time basis (Blossfeldt 2004, p. 146).
e) Using of Neck Pain questionnaire for a period of 3 months used by a research by Salter, to provide conclusive finding yielded that from the approximate of 34 percent of people with neck pain, 14 percent of them effectively relied on the acupuncture
therapy.
f) According to a study conducted in china by Liang Zhao among other scholars, optimized acupuncture was found to effectively treat chronic neck pain (Liang et al, 8).
g) Limitations of these studies included participants giving dishonest answers, as well as several cases of absenteeism during the day of giving out the test.
h) Delimitations included the way people were organized in the survey, the diagnostic tools and the length of time that the studies were conducted.
i) Use of independent variables in the studies included the use three methods of acupuncture.
j) The dependent variable in this study was the reduction of chronic neck pain.
k) The implications of the various studies in this research paper indicated how acupuncture could generally be effective as a nonconventional method of reducing chronic neck pain.
l) The theoretical implications emerging from these studies are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of acupuncture in providing treatment to patients or individuals with chronic neck pain. It is the theoretical proposition provided by the various studies that assert acupuncture therapy as being beneficial for patients or individuals with chronic neck pain.
References
Blossfeldt, P. (2004). Acupuncture for Chronic neck pain: a cohort study in an NHS pain Clinic. 22(3): 146-151. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15551941
Salter, G.C, Roman, M., Bland, M. J & MacPherson, H. (2006). Acupuncture for chronic pain: a pilot for randomized controlled trial. 7(1): 3-14 . Retrieved from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2474/7/99
Liang, Z. H., Di, Z., Jiang, S., Xu, S. J., Zhu, X. P., Fu, W,. & Lu, A. P. (2012). The optimized acupuncture treatment for neck pain caused by cervical spondylosis: a study protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. 13(1): 2-18 . Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22776567
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. (2013). neck pain. Retrieved from http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00231
Chen, L., Houghton, M., Seefeld, L., Malarick, C., & Mao, J. (2010). a survey of selected physician views on acupuncture in pain management. Pain Medicine, 11(4), 530-534. Retrieved from SPORTDiscus.
De Loose, V., Burnotte, F., Cagnie, B., Stevens, V., & Van Tiggelen, D. (2008). Prevalence and risk factors of neck pain in military office workers. Military Medicine, 173(5), 474-479. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier.
Hush, J. M., Michaleff, Z., Maher, C. G., & Refshauge, K. (2009). Individual, physical and psychological risk factors for neck pain in Australian office workers: a 1-year longitudinal study. European Spine Journal, 18(10), 1532-1540. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier.
Irnich, D., Behrens, N., Gleditsch, J. M., Stör, W., Schreiber, M. A., Schöps, P., & ... Beyer, A. (2002). Immediate effects of dry needling and acupuncture at distant points in chronic neck pain: results of a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover trial. Pain (03043959), 99(1/2), 83. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier.
Ji-Eun, P., Myeong Soo, L., Jun-Yong, C., Bo-Young, K., & Sun-Mi, C. (2010). Adverse Events Associated with Acupuncture: A Prospective Survey. Journal Of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 16(9), 959-963. Retrieved by Academic Search Premier.
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. (2012). Acupuncture: an introduction. Retrieved from http://nccam.nih.gov/health/acupuncture/introduction.htm
National Institutes of Health. (2013). neck pain. Retreived from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003025.htm
Robertshawe, P. (2008). acupuncture and physiotherapy for neck tension. Journal Of The Australian Traditional-Medicine Society, 14(3), 187. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier.
Sun, M., Hsieh, C., Cheng, Y., Hung, H., Li, T., Yen, S., & Huang, I. (2010). The therapeutic effects of acupuncture on patients or individuals with chronic neck myofascial pain syndrome:: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. American Journal Of Chinese Medicine, 38(5), 849-859. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier.
Vas, J., Perea-Milla, E., Méndez, C., Navarro, C., León Rubio, J., Brioso, M., & Obrero, I. (2006). Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for chronic uncomplicated neck pain: A randomised controlled study. Pain (03043959), 126(1-3), 245-255. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier.
Willich, S. N., Reinhold, T., Selim, D., Jena, S., Brinkhaus, B., & Witt, C. M. (2006). Cost-effectiveness of acupuncture treatment in patients or individuals with chronic neck pain. Pain (03043959), 125(1/2), 107-113. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier
Witt, C. M., Jena, S., Brinkhaus, B., Liecker, B., Wegscheider, K., & Willich, S. N. (2006). Acupuncture for patients or individuals with chronic neck pain. Pain (03043959), 125(1/2), 98-106. Retrived from Academic Search Premier.
100W Section 1
DL Murphy
April 20, 2014
1. Intro: Acupuncture as a nonconventional treatment for chronic neck pain (L1)
a) Acupuncture is increasingly being used as a nonconventional treatment for chronic neck pain. It’s well tolerated, with relatively low risk of serious adverse effects (Blossfeldt 2004, p. 146).
b) Both traditional and modern acupuncture techniques adversely result in reported improvement in neck pain patterns (Liang et al, 8).
c) Acupuncture is a widely accepted and used as a complementary therapy that is useful in the management of neck pain, caused by Cervical Spondylosis (CS). This paper will present a relatively …show more content…
randomized controlled trial protocol that can be used to evaluate the use of acupuncture for the CS neck pain, subsequently comparing the effects of the optimized acupuncture therapy in real health care practice compared with shallow and sham acupuncture (Blossfeldt 2004, p. 146).
d) Systematic review based on the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment for chronic neck pain found the evidence to be inconclusive. Some of the studies produced results that are positive in favor of acupuncture, while others produced negative and vague findings. Furthermore, the aim of this research is to provide clinical trials for the treatment of chronic neck pain using acupuncture therapy in regard to various research findings (Salter et al, 2004, p 10).
e) In accordance to the National Health Statistics and Reports, medical professionals can use survey data analysis to measure the pain level of the patient before and after acupuncture treatment.
2. Methods (L1)
a) Collected literature review of meta-analyses of optimized, shallow and sham acupuncture treatment for patients or individuals with chronic neck pain.
b) The variables examined: optimized, shallow and sham acupuncture.
c) Limitations in this study include absenteeism of several people the day of giving tests.
d) Delimitations in this study includes: the number of people in the survey, the diagnostic tools used in the study, and the length of time the study was examined.
e) The Database used includes: Academic Search Premier and SPORTDiscus.
f) Search items were collected through searching peer reviewed journal articles.
g) Keywords: Chronic neck pain treatment, optimize acupuncture, Shallow acupuncture, Sham acupuncture.
3. Acupuncture Practice overview (L1)
a) Assumed to be one of the oldest healing practices in the world
b) It is a technique whereby professionals insert needles in specific points on the patient’s body (Liang et al, 8).
c) It originates from the traditional Chinese medicine (Liang et al, 8).
d) Believed to regulate and control the flow of a person’s vital energy, as well as long pathways, referred to as meridians (Willich et al, 2006, p. 98).
4. Populations and acupuncture
a) Acupuncture is an old healing practice in other parts of the worlds, such as traditional China, though new in the United States.
b) According to National Health Interview Survey of 2007, which also involved the survey of CAM use by Americans, 1.4 percent of the respondents were found to use acupuncture in the past year. The 3.1 million Americans stated their use was mainly for severe migraine and recurring pain. Half of them used acupuncture for treatment of chronic neck pain (Sun et al, 2009, p. 850).
c) Backed by the number of people who use acupuncture for chronic neck pain treatment, it is obvious for physicians to regard it as an ideal treatment option for chronic neck …show more content…
pain.
d) Consequently, there was not enough research to limit the adult groups to either male or female in this study.
5. Types of acupuncture (L2)
a. Optimized acupuncture therapy (L3)
a) OAT entails the traditional acupuncture, which is followed by intradermal needle therapy, INT.
b) Nine acupuncture points are selected for an OAT group on the basis of advice and consensus of the national expert committee of the acupuncture that is given above (Hush 2004, p. 1533)
c) Four points have to be located by the individual intending to do the OAT. These points are cervical positive reaction planes at the top and bottom of the cervical reaction planes and horizontally away from cervical vertebra that is corresponding (Witt 2004, p. 99).
d) Commonly, physicians who perform these therapies have more than 5 years of acupuncture experience.
b. Sham acupuncture (L3)
a) It involves the use of skin penetrating shallow needles on the specified sham groups.
b) Typically, the location of sham points is commonly defined by 25mm lateral extending to the standard location used for the OAT group.
c) They include: the sham point of Dazhui (GV14) 25mm, which is 25 mm vertically below the usual standard GV14, sham points of (S115) Jianzhongshu and Huatuojiaji, which is 25 mm lateral to standard S115 (Liang et al, 8).
d) After the sham acupuncture, individuals undergoing the process or patients are treated through the use of point pressing (De Loose, 2008, p. 475). c. Shallow acupuncture (L3)
a) Shallow acupuncture group undergoes similar procedures as the other OAT groups.
b) However, the physicians are required to insert the needles in a vertical manner in order to reach the subcutaneous level at a specified depth of not more than 3 mm (Salter et al, 2004).
c) Needle manipulation or any other sensation is prohibited in this particular group.
d) Ultimately, after the shallow acupuncture, the patients are additionally treated by INT through the use of a similar method as in the other OAT groups.
6. Research of Acupuncture Case Study (L2)
a) The researchers intended to discover if the various methods of acupuncture can reduce pain and relatively medical expenses in patients or individuals with chronic neck pain.
b) POMS (profile of mood states) and the perceived pain scales were utilized as tools in the research to measure the changes in pain, as well as moods of the patients (De Loose, 2008, p. 475).
c) The researchers found out that the AOT group significantly had reduced pain, medical cost by some margins and enhanced a happier mood to the patients (Salter et al, 2004, p. 10).
d) The findings of the acupuncture therapy group were subsequently compared to the control group.
e) The overall results from the survey while using the control group did not showcase any improvement (Chen et al, 2010, p. 47).
f) The study was concluded by the findings that acupuncture therapy greatly relieves pain and generally improves the state of mind of the patient.
g) Ultimately, the AOT group is found to reduce pain, hence it is effective in treating patients or individuals with chronic neck pain.
7.
Discussion (L1)
a) It is evident that the various methods of acupuncture are highly beneficial and effective for treating patients or individuals with chronic neck pain.
b) The multiple studies have provided evidential information that shows the acupuncture methods of optimization, shallow and sham yielding a substantial improvement in patients suffering from chronic neck pain (Salter et al, 2004).
c) The National Health Interview Survey conducted in 2007, found out that 1.4 percent of their correspondents stated to have used the acupuncture therapy to treat neck pain among other forms of recurring forms in 2006. It provides a proof that its effectiveness attributes to its use among the Americans.
d) Blossfeldt, in his article asserts that the success rate when using the AOT was at 68 percent. Short-term consideration of the same showed 78 percent effectiveness and 49 percent effectiveness on a long time basis (Blossfeldt 2004, p. 146).
e) Using of Neck Pain questionnaire for a period of 3 months used by a research by Salter, to provide conclusive finding yielded that from the approximate of 34 percent of people with neck pain, 14 percent of them effectively relied on the acupuncture
therapy.
f) According to a study conducted in china by Liang Zhao among other scholars, optimized acupuncture was found to effectively treat chronic neck pain (Liang et al, 8).
g) Limitations of these studies included participants giving dishonest answers, as well as several cases of absenteeism during the day of giving out the test.
h) Delimitations included the way people were organized in the survey, the diagnostic tools and the length of time that the studies were conducted.
i) Use of independent variables in the studies included the use three methods of acupuncture.
j) The dependent variable in this study was the reduction of chronic neck pain.
k) The implications of the various studies in this research paper indicated how acupuncture could generally be effective as a nonconventional method of reducing chronic neck pain.
l) The theoretical implications emerging from these studies are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of acupuncture in providing treatment to patients or individuals with chronic neck pain. It is the theoretical proposition provided by the various studies that assert acupuncture therapy as being beneficial for patients or individuals with chronic neck pain.
References
Blossfeldt, P. (2004). Acupuncture for Chronic neck pain: a cohort study in an NHS pain Clinic. 22(3): 146-151. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15551941
Salter, G.C, Roman, M., Bland, M. J & MacPherson, H. (2006). Acupuncture for chronic pain: a pilot for randomized controlled trial. 7(1): 3-14 . Retrieved from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2474/7/99
Liang, Z. H., Di, Z., Jiang, S., Xu, S. J., Zhu, X. P., Fu, W,. & Lu, A. P. (2012). The optimized acupuncture treatment for neck pain caused by cervical spondylosis: a study protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. 13(1): 2-18 . Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22776567
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. (2013). neck pain. Retrieved from http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00231
Chen, L., Houghton, M., Seefeld, L., Malarick, C., & Mao, J. (2010). a survey of selected physician views on acupuncture in pain management. Pain Medicine, 11(4), 530-534. Retrieved from SPORTDiscus.
De Loose, V., Burnotte, F., Cagnie, B., Stevens, V., & Van Tiggelen, D. (2008). Prevalence and risk factors of neck pain in military office workers. Military Medicine, 173(5), 474-479. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier.
Hush, J. M., Michaleff, Z., Maher, C. G., & Refshauge, K. (2009). Individual, physical and psychological risk factors for neck pain in Australian office workers: a 1-year longitudinal study. European Spine Journal, 18(10), 1532-1540. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier.
Irnich, D., Behrens, N., Gleditsch, J. M., Stör, W., Schreiber, M. A., Schöps, P., & ... Beyer, A. (2002). Immediate effects of dry needling and acupuncture at distant points in chronic neck pain: results of a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover trial. Pain (03043959), 99(1/2), 83. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier.
Ji-Eun, P., Myeong Soo, L., Jun-Yong, C., Bo-Young, K., & Sun-Mi, C. (2010). Adverse Events Associated with Acupuncture: A Prospective Survey. Journal Of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 16(9), 959-963. Retrieved by Academic Search Premier.
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. (2012). Acupuncture: an introduction. Retrieved from http://nccam.nih.gov/health/acupuncture/introduction.htm
National Institutes of Health. (2013). neck pain. Retreived from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003025.htm
Robertshawe, P. (2008). acupuncture and physiotherapy for neck tension. Journal Of The Australian Traditional-Medicine Society, 14(3), 187. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier.
Sun, M., Hsieh, C., Cheng, Y., Hung, H., Li, T., Yen, S., & Huang, I. (2010). The therapeutic effects of acupuncture on patients or individuals with chronic neck myofascial pain syndrome:: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. American Journal Of Chinese Medicine, 38(5), 849-859. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier.
Vas, J., Perea-Milla, E., Méndez, C., Navarro, C., León Rubio, J., Brioso, M., & Obrero, I. (2006). Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for chronic uncomplicated neck pain: A randomised controlled study. Pain (03043959), 126(1-3), 245-255. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier.
Willich, S. N., Reinhold, T., Selim, D., Jena, S., Brinkhaus, B., & Witt, C. M. (2006). Cost-effectiveness of acupuncture treatment in patients or individuals with chronic neck pain. Pain (03043959), 125(1/2), 107-113. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier
Witt, C. M., Jena, S., Brinkhaus, B., Liecker, B., Wegscheider, K., & Willich, S. N. (2006). Acupuncture for patients or individuals with chronic neck pain. Pain (03043959), 125(1/2), 98-106. Retrived from Academic Search Premier.