The barriers to communication include:
• Environment – the environment is a barrier to communication because if you are in a busy, noisy area you can get easily distracted or miss information that could be important for the child.
• Culture and family background – this can affect the communication method that some cultures use, for example, some cultures might not use or interpret eye contact different. Families communicate in different ways together. Some may speak a different language or some might us slang.
• Disabilities/ special needs; ASD, ESL, speech and language difficulties – speech and language difficulties is a barrier to communication some people don’t understand language, or understand how to express themselves, or how to pronounce the words they want to use. Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can vary from mild to severe cases and have difficulties with social interaction. They feel no need to communicate, so don’t develop language. Those with ASD can find facial expressions and body language difficult to read too. Children with English as a second language (ESL) can find it difficult understanding and expressing, which could make them frustrated. Some people may even feel embarrassed about speaking their own language in front of others.
• Confidence and self esteem – this is a barrier to communicate because if a child has had their confidence knocked, then as they get older they will be less confident to speak to others.
• Lack of literacy and ICT knowledge – lack of literacy is a barrier because if they get given a letter they may not be able to read or reply to it, which could then affect the child. ICT knowledge is a barrier to communication because some people might not feel comfortable is they were sent an email rather than a letter because they might not know how to read or reply. Some people might not have a high level of ICT knowledge as others.
• Use of appropriate language – use of appropriate language is a barrier to