Research Question:
What are the differences between renewable and nonrenewable energy and should renewable energy be promoted? I. Thesis statement:
The side effect of extracting nonrenewable energy, the advantages of using renewable sources in producing energy and the capacity of both of them are the three main points that have pushed engineers to focus and to improve the field of energy. II. Introduction of energy Source: (Touryan, 2012, p. 41) & (Eerkens, 2006, p. 1) III. The difference between renewable and nonrenewable energy A. Definition of nonrenewable energy B. Definition of renewable energy Source: (Goldemberg, 2012, p. 46) IV. Nonrenewable energy disadvantages and solutions C. Environmental effect (pollution): emission of CO2 and others gases when extracting from fossil fuels Source: (Chakravorty, Moreaux & Tidball, 2008, p. 1128-1129) & (Chakravorty, Leach & Moreaux, 2012, p. 1448-1450) & (Lyon & Lee, 2004, p. 377-379 & 390-391) & (Tahvonen & Salo, 2001, p. 1379-1382 & 1395-1396) D. Increasing price Source: (Marcelo & Fernando, 2010, p. 43-44 & 52) & (Tahvonen & Salo, 2001, p. 1379-1382 & 1395-1396) E. Diminishment of nonrenewable resources Source: (Schumacher, 2011, p. 495 & 496) F. Solutions 1. reducing the extraction of fossil fuels Source: (Schumacher, 2011, p. 495 & 496) 2. switching to renewable or sustainable energy Source: (Schumacher, 2011, p. 495 & 496) & (Touryan, 2012, p. 42-43) V. Renewable energy G. Different forms 3. Biofuel Source: (Goldemberg, 2012, p. 46) 4. Biomass Source: (Goldemberg, 2012, p. 46) 5. Geothermal Source: (Goldemberg, 2012, p. 54) 6. Hydroelectric Source: (Goldemberg, 2012, p. 48) 7. Solar energy Source: (Goldemberg, 2012, p. 52-53)
References: Chakravorty, U., Leach, A., & Moreaux, M. (2012). Cycles in nonrenewable resource prices with pollution and learning-by-doing. Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control, 36(10), 1448 - 1461. Chakravorty, U., Moreaux, M., & Tidball, M. (2008). Ordering the extraction of polluting nonrenewable resources. The American Economic Review, 98(3), 1128-1144. Destouni, G., & Frank, H. (2010). Renewable energy. Ambio, 39, 18-21. Eerkens, J. (2006). The nuclear imperative: A critical look at the approaching energy crisis. (Vol. 11, pp. 1-18). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. Goldemberg, J. (2012). Energy what everyone needs to know. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Lilliestam, J., & Ellenbeck, S. (2011). Energy security and renewable electricity trade—will Desertec make Europe vulnerable to the ‘‘energy weapon’’?.Energy Policy, 39(6), 3380–3391. Lyon, K., & Lee, D. (2004). Nonrenewable resource extractions with a pollution side effect: A comparative dynamic analysis. Natural Resource Modeling, 17(4), 377–392. Marcelo, A., & Fernando, S. (2010). Solow meets Leontief: Economic growth and energy consumption. Energy Economics, 32(1), 43 - 53. Schumacher, I. (2011). When should we stop extracting nonrenewable resources?. Cambridge University Press, 15(4), 495-512. Tahvonen, O., & Salo, S. (2001). Economic growth and transitions between renewable and nonrenewable energy resources. European Economic Review,45(8), 1379 - 1398. Touryan, K. (2012). Renewable energy for a sustainable future: a Christian imperative. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith, 64(1), 41. Turner, A. (1999). A realizable renewable energy future. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 285(5428), 687-689.