Anti-depressants and other drugs are the most common forms of treating depression. They work by boosting levels of insufficient neurotransmitters such as serotonin and nor-adrenaline. They will either reduce the amount of re-absorption or block the enzyme that is trying to break down neurotransmitters. Allowing to increase the amount of neurotransmitter available , so that neighbouring cells become excited.…
Co-morbidity Issues- If you have one anxiety disorder, it increases the risk for another. They run in families. People with anxiety disorders are more likely to be depressed but not vice versa.…
Low levels of both noradrenaline (nora) and serotonin (sero) have been found as being important in unipolar depression (UD) and so it seems logical to treat depression with drugs which increase the availability of these neurotransmitters.…
The third factor is biochemistry. Neurotransmitters are thought to be out of balance in the nervous system of individuals with certain psychological disorders. For example schizophrenia has been associated with an excess of activity in the neurotransmitter dopamine. Depression has been associated with decreased availability of serotonin.…
Serotonin Vittorio Erspamer first found serotonin in the 1930s. It was discovered again in blood serum in 1948 by Irvine Page, who named it serotonin (from "serum-tonic"). assists with feeling, driving forces, and dream. It is not in charge of empowering the cerebrum but rather it can abundance sums in the mind that prompts the steady dispositions. Serotonin is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that has been observed to be personally required in feeling and state of mind. Too little serotonin has been appeared to prompt discouragement, issues with outrage control, over the top urgent issue, and suicide. Too little additionally prompts an expanded hunger for sugars (bland sustenances) and inconvenience resting, which are likewise connected with sadness and other enthusiastic issue. It has likewise been attached to headaches, crabby inside disorder, and fibromyalgia. Prozac and other late medications help individuals with gloom by keeping the neurons from "vacuuming" up abundance serotonin, so that there is all the more left coasting around in the neurotransmitters. It is said…
Much like the the causes of the of the two disorders the symptoms are also different. Both show emotional symptoms such as anger and irritability and physical symptoms such as sleepiness or fatigue. Unipolar depression symptoms include emotional symptoms such as extreme sadness or anxiety. Motivational symptoms include the lack of drive or initiative for anything in life such as work. Behavioral symptoms include becoming less active, spending more time alone or in bed, moving slower than they normally would, or speaking slower than they normally would. Cognitive symptoms include negative thoughts about themselves such as inferiority,…
According to some Psychologists, chemical imbalance can lead to depression and other mental illnesses. It is very unclear that depression is one of the possible symptoms of a chemical imbalance. However, chemical imbalance doesn’t lead to every kind of depression seen in the lives of many people.(Admin,2012) Approximately five percent of the United States ' population experiences a depressive episode that requires psychopharmacological treatment; in any one year, ten to twelve million Americans are affected by depression, with the condition twice as common in females than in males.(Ho, 2002) We all have chemical signals that are called neurotransmitters and they come in a variety of forms like Serotonin, Dopamine, and Norepinephrine. All three of these neurotransmitters play a very important role in maintaining normal mood, motivation and concentration.…
Symptoms for GAD can include restlessness, irritability, fatigue, muscle tension, troubles concentrating, and/or sleeplessness (ADAA). Symptoms for OCD can include repetitiveness, obsessive behaviors, rituals, checking over things multiple times, and unwanted thoughts or actions (Mayo Clinic). Individuals do not have to experience every symptom to have either disorder and some symptoms can trigger others (ADAA). Restlessness can be caused by muscle tension, trouble concentrating can be caused by irritability, and fatigue can be caused by…
Serotonin has a range of influences on the neurological and physiological function of the body. It has a significant influence on sensitivity to pain, emotionality, and a behavioral response to positive and negative consequences. Serotonin, along with other major neurotransmitters, is also linked with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Serotonin, or HT-5, also has an effect on sleep, eating patterns, and thermoregulation (Meyer et al., 2005). These seem to contribute to depressive symptoms in animals with depleted stores of 5-H. There are now 14 discernable types of serotonin receptor subtypes. Subtypes 2B, 2C, 4, and 6 have all been linked with depression and anxiety (Tohda et al., 2006). Recent research shows that altering 5-HT2CR mRNA to track the origin of depressive diseases may reveal conclusive information about the origin of neurochemical imbalances. (Tohda et al., 2006) There are different approaches to raise serotonin levels in the brain to normal levels. The most commonly prescribed antidepressants are classified as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or SSRIs. SSRIs regulate the serotonin transporter, SERT, which slows the reuptake of the neurotransmitter into the presynpatic terminals. While new, more effective drugs with fewer side effects are being deliberated there have been newer ways to attempt to regulate serotonin imbalances. A recent discovery of small interfering RNA molecules may drastically change the treatment of depression and all other neurological diseases. Specially designed siRNA can be used to alter mRNA which will alter the translated protein. This process can be used to silence or increase the potency of its targeted protein (Thakker et al., 2006).…
Unipolar depression has many possible underlying causes. First, stressful events often occur before an individual experiences unipolar depression. Biological factors include genetics, biochemical factors, brain anatomy, and brain circuits. Upon examination of the family tree of individuals who suffer from unipolar disorder, researchers found that up to 20% of their family struggled with it as well in comparison to 10% of the general population, showing a genetic relationship. Twin studies have shown a 46% incidence of unipolar depression in an identical twin whose sibling suffered from unipolar depression, and only a 20% incidence in fraternal twins, and several genes have been associated with the occurrence of the disorder. The first biochemical factor playing a part in unipolar depression is low activity of the neurotransmitter chemicals norepinephrine and serotonin. Overproduction of the hormone cortisol, normally produced during stressful situations, has also been linked to unipolar depression, along with some tentative theories about chemical deficiencies within neurons. The brain anatomy factors beginning to be seen as influencing unipolar depression are the dysfunction of brain circuits involving the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and…
There is a tiny gap between two neurons known as the synapse. Neurotransmitters cross the synapse from one neuron to another and attach onto the receptors of the receiving neuron. Neurotransmitters and receptors have a lock and key relationship; therefore, only specific neurotransmitters will fit into a certain receptor. It is suggested that depression can be caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain such as an imbalance of the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine. They have been identified as playing a primary role regulating emotions, regulating appetite, ability to sleep and so…
When someone is in a stressful situation, their body releases the hormones cortisol, adrenaline, and…
In this paper, I will compare and contrast, social anxiety disorder and panic disorder. To start off I will be explaining their true definitions, social anxiety disorder is a mental health condition in which a person is consumed with fear of being negatively judged and evaluated by others (WebMD). While, panic disorder is a psychiatric disorder in which debilitating anxiety and fear arise frequently and without reasonable cause (socialphobia.org). Social anxiety affects about 7% of the population at any given time, this could include adults or teenagers.…
The brain chemistry of a person can also cause anxiety. People with abnormal levels of specific neurotransmitters in the brain are at higher risk of of suffering from GAD. When these neurotransmitters do not work efficiently the brains internal communication network breaks down and the brain reacts in a disorderly fashion, in some cases this will lead to anxiety. As explained…
Do you ever feel like you’re not good enough? Do you ever feel emotionally numb? Are things losing their interest? Well you might be one of the “lucky” millions who have either anxiety or depression. Anxiety and depression affect your life in every way. Different things trigger these sudden feelings and when you get into them you could be lost for days. Here are things that triggered it for me, some of the things that changed in my life and how I would react to try to feel better. These things can be completely random for some people but these are the things that started it.…