Soap Lab
Project 17: Soaps and Detergents Stephanie Futrell
Kelsey Duncan
Tom Bunch
Antwyone Clayborne Chemistry 1020 Laboratory, Section 007
Instructor: Fan Yang
September 23, 2014
Our signatures indicate that this document represents our own work. Excluding shared data, the information, thoughts and ideas are my own, except as indicated in the references.
Goals
There was another oil spill that covered local birds in oil. The environmental group stepped in to help make their own soap. However, they, do not want to use animal fat. The goal of this laboratory project was to test which ingredient (fat/oil) makes for the best soap using the properties of fats/oils. Another goal was to test the soap, detergents, and their waste water to decide which is the most effective and environmentally friendly. The group was also to determine what was causing the scum after washing and figure out a solution to stop it.
Experimental Design
To achieve the above goals, four different types of soaps and two detergents were made with certain ingredients and the desirable properties were taken into account. The waste water of each soap and detergent was titrated to determine how the waste water would affect the environment. To make four different types of soap, we used two oils, vegetable oil and olive oil, and two fats, shortening and lard. 10 mL of the oils and 10g of the fat were obtained in a 250mL beaker. 15 mL of 6 M sodium hydroxide and about 1 mL of glycerol were added to each ingredient drop by drop then mixed thoroughly with a glass rod. The solution was then heated with a heating plate to boiling until it became pasty. After the paste cooled, 50 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution and ice was mixed into the solution. The soap was then filtered using suction filtration and washed with two
5mL portions of cold water. Each filtrate was saved separately. Two methods were used for making detergents. The first
Kelsey Duncan
Tom Bunch
Antwyone Clayborne Chemistry 1020 Laboratory, Section 007
Instructor: Fan Yang
September 23, 2014
Our signatures indicate that this document represents our own work. Excluding shared data, the information, thoughts and ideas are my own, except as indicated in the references.
Goals
There was another oil spill that covered local birds in oil. The environmental group stepped in to help make their own soap. However, they, do not want to use animal fat. The goal of this laboratory project was to test which ingredient (fat/oil) makes for the best soap using the properties of fats/oils. Another goal was to test the soap, detergents, and their waste water to decide which is the most effective and environmentally friendly. The group was also to determine what was causing the scum after washing and figure out a solution to stop it.
Experimental Design
To achieve the above goals, four different types of soaps and two detergents were made with certain ingredients and the desirable properties were taken into account. The waste water of each soap and detergent was titrated to determine how the waste water would affect the environment. To make four different types of soap, we used two oils, vegetable oil and olive oil, and two fats, shortening and lard. 10 mL of the oils and 10g of the fat were obtained in a 250mL beaker. 15 mL of 6 M sodium hydroxide and about 1 mL of glycerol were added to each ingredient drop by drop then mixed thoroughly with a glass rod. The solution was then heated with a heating plate to boiling until it became pasty. After the paste cooled, 50 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution and ice was mixed into the solution. The soap was then filtered using suction filtration and washed with two
5mL portions of cold water. Each filtrate was saved separately. Two methods were used for making detergents. The first