sociology
Home Assignment -Chinny Tayeng -B.A. Sociology (H) -IIIrd Yr
Q. Discuss the relationship between industrialism and industrial societies with reference to various regimes of production.
The 18th CE idea of progress had been in the main abstract and speculative. It postulated stages of development whose actual content was only lightly sketched. It was linked firstly to the progress of science and then to the progressive applications of science, to the process that Saint Simon himself caused to be known as industrialization. As the 19th CE developed, the scope and dimension of the change connoted by the term ‘industrialization’ swelled to gigantic proportions. It came to be seen as a revolution transforming every aspect of human life and thought. Progress, if the concept were to sustain itself, could now only mean industrialization.
An industrial society, according to Raymond Aron, might be simply defined as a society in which large-scale industry is the characteristic form of production. From this definition a number of other features of an industrial economy might be inferred.
First the enterprise is completely separated from the family. This however is by no means universal. Secondly, the introduction of technological division of labour, which is one of the characteristics of modern industrial society. Thirdly, an industrial enterprise implies an accumulation of capital. Each workman must use a substantial amount of capital, which must constantly be renewed. The idea of a progressive economy develops from the idea of industrial society. The fourth feature follows from the accumulation of capital, where the idea of rational/economic calculation is introduced. And the fifth being the emergence of trade unions. However, Kumar critiqued the nature of the industrial society saying that there are no pristine distinctions
Q. Discuss the relationship between industrialism and industrial societies with reference to various regimes of production.
The 18th CE idea of progress had been in the main abstract and speculative. It postulated stages of development whose actual content was only lightly sketched. It was linked firstly to the progress of science and then to the progressive applications of science, to the process that Saint Simon himself caused to be known as industrialization. As the 19th CE developed, the scope and dimension of the change connoted by the term ‘industrialization’ swelled to gigantic proportions. It came to be seen as a revolution transforming every aspect of human life and thought. Progress, if the concept were to sustain itself, could now only mean industrialization.
An industrial society, according to Raymond Aron, might be simply defined as a society in which large-scale industry is the characteristic form of production. From this definition a number of other features of an industrial economy might be inferred.
First the enterprise is completely separated from the family. This however is by no means universal. Secondly, the introduction of technological division of labour, which is one of the characteristics of modern industrial society. Thirdly, an industrial enterprise implies an accumulation of capital. Each workman must use a substantial amount of capital, which must constantly be renewed. The idea of a progressive economy develops from the idea of industrial society. The fourth feature follows from the accumulation of capital, where the idea of rational/economic calculation is introduced. And the fifth being the emergence of trade unions. However, Kumar critiqued the nature of the industrial society saying that there are no pristine distinctions
References: Aron, R. 1972. Eighteen lectures on Industrial Society. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, chs. 5,6,7. Kumar, K. 1973. Prophecy and progress. London: allen lane. Chs. 2,3,4 Ramaswamy E.A. and U. Ramaswamy. 1981. Industry and Labour. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Ch. 3