Speech Disorders

1.) Primary stuttering behaviors are overt, observable signs of a speech fluency breakdown. Some examples are: repeating sounds, syllables, words or phrases, silent blocks and prolongation. Secondary stuttering behaviors are less obvious signs that are developed over time by the stutterer, such as; eye blinking, lip movement, facial tension, and avoidance of sounds, words, people or speaking situations. 2.) Single-syllable-word repetition: I-I-I want to go there.
Syllable repetition: He’s a b-b-b-boy.
Prolongation: Sssssssee me swing!
Block: T----oronto is cool. 3.) SLP’s try to measure the stutterer’s attitudes and feeling about communication so that it can help them choose the correct treatment. A mild stutterer may only need indirect treatment, while a severe stutterer may need more direct treatment if they have already developed several secondary behaviors, such as; no eye contact or avoiding speaking situations. 4.) There are five basic perceptual signs of a voice disorder. They are pitch, loudness, quality, nonphonatory behaviors and aphonia, or the absence of phonation.
Pitch: Three aspects of pitch may suggest a voice disorder. The first is monopitch which is when the voice lacks normal inflection variation and the ability to change pitch voluntarily. The second is inappropriate pitch which is when the voice is judged to be outside the normal range of pitch for the age and/or sex of the person. The third is pitch breaks which are sudden uncontrolled upward or downward changes in pictch.
Loudness: There are two aspects of loudness that may suggest a voice disorder. The first is monoloudness which is a voice that lacks normal variations of intensity that occur during speech, and there may be an inability to change the vocal loudness voluntarily. The second is loudness variations which are extreme variations in vocal intensity in which the voice is either too soft or too loud for the particular speaking situation.
Vocal Quality: A