Splicing Research Paper
Splicing is a process that involves the removal of introns from messenger RNA. As a result of the removal of the sections, the exons are then connected together to create one long uninterrupted strand of mRNA. The process of splicing is important since it produces an uninterrupted mRNA strand that is then transported out of the cell. Alternative splicing is a process cells use to produce different types of messenger RNA. These types of mRNA produce different variations of a protein. Serine-arginine-rich and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins are two types of proteins also known as SR and hnRNPs, respectively. Due to the binding of enhancer sequences, SR proteins promote splice selection whereas HnRNP proteins utilize suppressor sequences
…show more content…
PTB has the ability to bind at numerous sites which can block splice factors from binding to splicing signals. Also, PTB can cause alternative exon sequences from being spliced. Plants contain a gene similar to that of the human polypyrimidine binding protein. PTB1, PTB2, and PTB3 are the three different forms of the animal PTB gene that plants contain. The first two are related and have major effects on alternative splicing. Alternative splicing in plants has recently gained more importance due to the fact that plant genes are showing that they utilize alternative splicing. However, there is not a vast amount of knowledge on messenger RNA targets involving SR and hnRNP …show more content…
PTB has a major role in animals such as humans. PTB functions to regulate splicing and aid other factors to control the choice of alternative splicing. In the next portion of the experiment, polypyrimidine tract binding protein mutants were utilized to determine whether ATPTB1 or ATPTB2 are a factor that can regulate splicing of the mini-exon. The study showed that both ATPTB1 and ATPTB2 reduced the amount of mini exon splicing. Also, the CU1 sequence and the polypyrimidine tract of the mini exon reporter was repressed as well. These results suggest that the PTB in plants prefers CU rich sequences which are prominent in the PTB that humans possess. Almost half of the genes humans possess contain the PTB binding sites. Also, one fourth of human alternative splicing involves PTB. The results of the study suggests that more than half of the alternative splicing tests were altered by the expression of ATPTB1 and
PTB has the ability to bind at numerous sites which can block splice factors from binding to splicing signals. Also, PTB can cause alternative exon sequences from being spliced. Plants contain a gene similar to that of the human polypyrimidine binding protein. PTB1, PTB2, and PTB3 are the three different forms of the animal PTB gene that plants contain. The first two are related and have major effects on alternative splicing. Alternative splicing in plants has recently gained more importance due to the fact that plant genes are showing that they utilize alternative splicing. However, there is not a vast amount of knowledge on messenger RNA targets involving SR and hnRNP …show more content…
PTB has a major role in animals such as humans. PTB functions to regulate splicing and aid other factors to control the choice of alternative splicing. In the next portion of the experiment, polypyrimidine tract binding protein mutants were utilized to determine whether ATPTB1 or ATPTB2 are a factor that can regulate splicing of the mini-exon. The study showed that both ATPTB1 and ATPTB2 reduced the amount of mini exon splicing. Also, the CU1 sequence and the polypyrimidine tract of the mini exon reporter was repressed as well. These results suggest that the PTB in plants prefers CU rich sequences which are prominent in the PTB that humans possess. Almost half of the genes humans possess contain the PTB binding sites. Also, one fourth of human alternative splicing involves PTB. The results of the study suggests that more than half of the alternative splicing tests were altered by the expression of ATPTB1 and