Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Lab Report
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: an acute bacterial infection of ascites fluid. Although a bacterial infection the infecting agent is not easily identified. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is commonly seen in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis due to contamination of dialysate.
Signs and symptoms: a wide range of symptoms including diarrhea, worsening encephalopathy, ascites that do not improve following administration of diuretic medication, worsening or new renal failure and ileus
Etiology: generally caused by aerobic gram-negative organisms such as Escherichia Coli or aerobic gram-positive organisms such as streptococcal species. Patients with cirrhoisis who are in a decompensated state are at high risk of developing spontaneous …show more content…
bacterial peritonitis.
Pathogenesis: bacterial translocation is the most common cause of SBP.
Factors that affect such translocation include alteration of gut microbiota, increased gut permeability, and impaired immunity.
Test: A peritoneal fluid analysis is performed in order to examine the ascites fluid for SBP. After performing the analysis the fluid will be sent to the lab to obtain the cell count, differential and cultured. If the ascetic fluid neutrophil count has more than 500 cells/ul the patient most likely has spontaneous bacterial.
Treatment: empiric antibiotic therapy is the most common treatment however albumin decreases the frequency of hepatorenal syndrome.
Prognosis: generally resolved with antibiotic therapy. Survival rate is fare however there is a great chance that patient will have recurrence at 1 year.
Inflammatory bowel disease: an idiopathic disease which is caused by dysregulated immune response to host intestinal microflora. Ulcerative colitis is a IBD that affects the colon. Crohn disease is an IBD that affect any segment of the gastrointestinal tract.
Signs and symptoms: Diarrhea, which may present with blood in stool. Constipation limited to the rectum. Bowel movement abnormalities with te presence of pain or rectal bleeding. Abdominal cramping and pain is commonly seen in the lower
quadrant.
Etiology: there are three main characteristics, which define the causes of inflammatory bowel disease; generic predisposition, dysregulated immune response, altered response to gut microorganisms. Although these three characteristics are common the triggering event is still unknown
Test: Laboratory studies are used to diagnosis IBD. Hematologic tests to determine the complete blood count. Tests are also performed to determine the ESR and CRP levels as well as the fecal calprotectin levels.
Treatment: treatment can be either medically or surgically depending on the severity of the patient’s symptoms the goal for treatment is remission of inflammation. For low risk patients with minimal symptoms are generally given corticosteroids sometimes combined with a azathioprine to reduce inflammation. High-risk patients, who have severe symptom, may sue tumor necrosis factor inhibition to induce remission. Azathioprine is used to reduce inflammation. Patient can also be given fluid and electrolytes if dehydrated due to the lack of nutrients absorption. Patient may also be asked to adjust diet
Prognosis: most patients will have remission and relapse. IBD is nor curable and can only be treated to reduce symptoms. Risk factors that determine the prognosis of the disease include age at onset, female sex, and upper gastrointestinal lesions.
Signs and symptoms: a wide range of symptoms including diarrhea, worsening encephalopathy, ascites that do not improve following administration of diuretic medication, worsening or new renal failure and ileus
Etiology: generally caused by aerobic gram-negative organisms such as Escherichia Coli or aerobic gram-positive organisms such as streptococcal species. Patients with cirrhoisis who are in a decompensated state are at high risk of developing spontaneous …show more content…
bacterial peritonitis.
Pathogenesis: bacterial translocation is the most common cause of SBP.
Factors that affect such translocation include alteration of gut microbiota, increased gut permeability, and impaired immunity.
Test: A peritoneal fluid analysis is performed in order to examine the ascites fluid for SBP. After performing the analysis the fluid will be sent to the lab to obtain the cell count, differential and cultured. If the ascetic fluid neutrophil count has more than 500 cells/ul the patient most likely has spontaneous bacterial.
Treatment: empiric antibiotic therapy is the most common treatment however albumin decreases the frequency of hepatorenal syndrome.
Prognosis: generally resolved with antibiotic therapy. Survival rate is fare however there is a great chance that patient will have recurrence at 1 year.
Inflammatory bowel disease: an idiopathic disease which is caused by dysregulated immune response to host intestinal microflora. Ulcerative colitis is a IBD that affects the colon. Crohn disease is an IBD that affect any segment of the gastrointestinal tract.
Signs and symptoms: Diarrhea, which may present with blood in stool. Constipation limited to the rectum. Bowel movement abnormalities with te presence of pain or rectal bleeding. Abdominal cramping and pain is commonly seen in the lower
quadrant.
Etiology: there are three main characteristics, which define the causes of inflammatory bowel disease; generic predisposition, dysregulated immune response, altered response to gut microorganisms. Although these three characteristics are common the triggering event is still unknown
Test: Laboratory studies are used to diagnosis IBD. Hematologic tests to determine the complete blood count. Tests are also performed to determine the ESR and CRP levels as well as the fecal calprotectin levels.
Treatment: treatment can be either medically or surgically depending on the severity of the patient’s symptoms the goal for treatment is remission of inflammation. For low risk patients with minimal symptoms are generally given corticosteroids sometimes combined with a azathioprine to reduce inflammation. High-risk patients, who have severe symptom, may sue tumor necrosis factor inhibition to induce remission. Azathioprine is used to reduce inflammation. Patient can also be given fluid and electrolytes if dehydrated due to the lack of nutrients absorption. Patient may also be asked to adjust diet
Prognosis: most patients will have remission and relapse. IBD is nor curable and can only be treated to reduce symptoms. Risk factors that determine the prognosis of the disease include age at onset, female sex, and upper gastrointestinal lesions.