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“A HIGHER SPHERE OF THOUGHT”:
EMERSON’S USE OF THE EXEMPLUM
AND EXEMPLUM FIDEI

By
CHARLA DAWN MAJOR
Master of Arts
Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, Oklahoma
1995
Bachelor of Arts
The University of Texas at Dallas
Richardson, Texas
1990

Submitted to the Faculty of the
Graduate College of the
Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
December, 2005

“A HIGHER SPHERE OF THOUGHT”:
EMERSON’S USE OF THE EXEMPLUM
AND EXEMPLUM FIDEI

Dissertation Approved:

_______________Jeffrey Walker________________
Dissertation Adviser
_____________William M. Decker_______________

_______________Edward Jones________________

________________L. G. Moses_________________

______________A. Gordon Emslie_______________
Dean of the Graduate College

ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I wish to express my sincere appreciation to my advisor, Dr. Jeffrey
Walker, for his guidance, support, and friendship, not only during the considerable duration of this work but throughout the entire course of my graduate studies here at Oklahoma State University. No one could ask for a better teacher, advisor, mentor, and friend, and I have gained immeasurably from this long association. I consider myself extremely fortunate and blessed.
My gratitude extends to my committee members. Dr. William Decker has been a continual source of guidance and resources and has consistently perpetuated my interest in both this subject and literary period. Dr. Edward
Jones, who has been there from the very beginning, has been a great source of guidance, assistance, encouragement, and friendship and has demonstrated a welcome propensity for being available to me at critical points in my education.
And Dr. L. G. Moses, my most recent acquaintance, has offered a unique intelligence and wit that made this dissertation a truly enjoyable learning experience. I also wish to express my sincere appreciation to the



Bibliography: 1.1 (Mar. 1929): 27-31. Gougeon, Len. “Abolition, The Emersons, and 1837.” New England Quarterly 54 (1981): 345-64. UP, 1995. Ralph Waldo Emerson. New Haven, CT: Yale UP, 1995. Harris, Kenneth Marc. “Emersonian Self-Reliance and Self-Deception Theory.” Philosophy and Literature 15 (1991): 286-94. Hart, John E. “Man Thinking as Hero: Emerson’s ‘Scholar’ Revisited.” ESQ: A Journal of the American Renaissance 55 (1969): 102-06. Hoch, David G. “’History’ as Art; ‘Art’ as History.” ESQ: A Journal of the American Renaissance 18 (1972): 288-93. Hodder, Alan D. “’After a High Negative Way’: Emerson’s ‘Self-Reliance’ and the Rhetoric of Conversion.” Harvard Theological Review 84 (1991): 42346. Howells, Bernard. “On the Meaning of Great Men: Baudelaire and Emerson Revisited.” Romantic Review 78 (1987): 471-89. Huggard, William A. The Religious Teachings of Ralph Waldo Emerson. New York: Vantage, 1972. Jacobson, David. “’Compensation’: Exteriority beyond the Spirit of Revenge.” ESQ: A Journal of the American Renaissance 33 (1987): 110-18. ---. “Vision’s Imperative: ‘Self-Reliance’ and the Command to See Things As They Are.” Studies in Romanticism 29 (1990): 555-70. Videocassette. California Newsreel, 1987. Johnson, Glen. “Emerson on ‘Making’ in Literature: His Problem of Professionalism, 1836-1841.” Emerson Centenary Essays Myerson. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1982. 65-73. Lee, Roland F. “Emerson’s ‘Compensation’ as Argument and as Art.” New England Quarterly 37 (1964): 291-305. Mackin, Kathleen. “Emerson, Whitman, and Jeffers: The Prophetic Charge of the Poet in the Unity of the World.” Jeffers Studies 2.4 (1998): 5768. Mann, John S. “Emily Dickinson, Emerson, and the Poet as Namer.” New England Quarterly 51 (1978): 467-88. McCormick, John O. “Emerson’s Theory of Human Greatness.” New England Quarterly 26 (1953): 291-314. McGiffert, Arthur C., ed. Young Emerson Speaks. Boston: Houghton, 1938. Miller, Perry. “Emersonian Genius and the American Democracy.” New England Quarterly 26 (1953): 27-44. 49 (1976): 46-64. Myerson, Joel, ed. Emerson Centenary Essays. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1982. ---. A Historical Guide to Ralph Waldo Emerson. New York: Oxford UP, 2000, O’Keefe, Richard Autobiography.” Essays in Literature 23 (1996): 206-17. Reading. Kent, OH: Kent State UP, 1995. By William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1969. Patterson, Mark. “Emerson, Napoleon, and the Concept of the Representative.” ESQ: A Journal of the American Renaissance 31 (1985): 230-42. Paul, Sherman. Emerson’s Angle of Vision. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1952. Pinsker, Sanford. “Emerson’s Anti-Essay: The Dissolving Rhetoric of ‘Intellect.’” ESQ: A Journal of the American Renaissance 18 (1972): 28487. Pommer, Henry F. “The Contents and Basis of Emerson’s Belief in Compensation.” PMLA 77 (1962): 248-53. Harvard UP, 1988. Richardson, Robert D., Jr. Emerson: The Mind on Fire. Berkeley: U of California P, 1995. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1982. Rusk, Ralph L. The Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1949.

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