The Art Of Rhetorical Discourse Summary
1.4 - Assignment: Study Questions
Herrick, Questions for Review, p. 22: 1, 2, 5, & 6; pp. 46-47: 1, 5, 10, & 11
Chapter One Questions
1. How are the following terms defined in the chapter?
• Rhetoric is defined as the study and / or practice of effective symbolic expression.
• The art of rhetoric is the systematic study and intentional practice of effective symbolic expression. Effective means achieving the purposes of the symbol user, whether that purpose is persuasion, clarity, beauty, or mutual understanding.
• Rhetorical discourse is the messages crafted to the principles of rhetoric
• Rhetor is the individual practicing preparing, presenting rhetorical discourse.
2. What are the marks or characteristics of rhetorical discourse …show more content…
discussed in this chapter?
There are six distinguishing characteristics:
• Planned – This takes some forethought of how to address an audience. Issues that arise during planning maybe the arguments one will present, evidence that supports ones argument, the order one will present the arguments and evidence and the resources of language that are available given the topic and type audience.
• Adapted to an audience- is the rhetoric planned with some audience in mind. A rhetor usually must make an educated guess about the audience one is addressing. Rhetorical discourse builds bond between the rhetor views and those of the audience. Speakers, writers and designers must address the audience’s values, experiences, beliefs, and aspirations.
• Shaped by human motives is closely related to concern for the audience and the rhetors addressing the audience with a goal in mind. Planning and adaptation are governed by the desire to achieve these goals. The goals might be seeking cooperation, building consensus, finding compromise, forging an agreement, wishing to be understood, or simply to have the last word. Rhetoric accomplishes this by aligning their motives with that of the audience.
• Responsive to a situation is a response either to a situation or to a previous rhetorical statement or simply that rhetoric is crafted in response to set of circumstances, including a particular, time, location, problem, and audience.
• Persuasion seeking is to influence an audience to accept an idea and then act. Persuasion is assisted by four resources: arguments, appeals, arrangements, and aesthetics.
• A concerned contingent issue is to address unresolved issues that do not dictate a particular outcome and in the process it engages our value commitments. The process of weighing options when the issues facing are contingent.
5. Which three types of power are enhanced by an understanding of the art of rhetoric?
• Personal power provides an avenue to success and advancement by sharpening our expressive skills.
• Psychological power is to shape thought.
• Political power is the distribution of political influence is often a matter of who gets to speak.
6. Given the definition and description of rhetoric advanced in this chapter, what might historian of rhetoric George Kennedy mean by saying that yellow pages of the phone book are rhetorical than the whites pages? (Classical Rhetoric and its Christian and secular Tradition, p.4.)
He meant that the yellow pages persuade the user in choosing a particular service using aesthetics to persuade the user to pick a particular service. The media or aesthetics that are used can be pictures, bold letters, and over the top claims that one particular service can be better than the others. The white pages on the other hand is unattractive and is natural in tone and has no over the top aesthetics, it has no advertisement genre. It persuades the user in no particular fashion.
Chapter Two Question
1. What beliefs, practices, and personal qualities characterized the Sophists?
The Sophist provided services in speechwriting, teachers and professional speakers an in having excellent display of language, brilliant styles, colorful appearances and flamboyant personalities. Sophist was social iconoclasts that questioned Greek society by using paradoxes to shock their audiences in order to provoke debate and inquiry. They were teachers of arête or the natural qualities of a leader. The idea that qualities of a leader could be taught was a threat to the established Athenian order. They taught that by the method of dialectic or the inventing arguments for and against a proposition. They believe that there was a strong argument against anything or dissoi logoi. Using kairos was a way making sure that their truths depended on careful consideration of factor surrounding an even, including time, opportunity, and circumstances. To achieve this quality in speech was a demonstration of one’s quickness and skill in words. The Sophists were not without controversy one was that they taught for pay practices that was not accepted during and Athenians believed that the practice was unethical and subversive. Most were foreigners itinerants who traveled from city to city looking for work as teachers, entertainers and speechwriters. Athenian’s considered them as exotic imports, this fact that they were from outside of Hellenistic world and their habit of travel created also concern. Hellenistic world was the norm of Greek cultural and Sophists believed that truth or reality is a linguistic construction rather than objective fact, in others words the world can be recreated linguistically or by whoever could speak more persuasively. Sophists view of justice on the notion of social agreement and that public law and morality are matters of social agreements and local practice not of God or a king. Their views undermined the moral foundations of Greek Society. Sophist were superb public figures, statesmen, politicians, diplomats, poets educators, but there negative image is I up for debate because their enemies shaped a persuasive arguments for these claims.
5. What was the right of isegoria?
Every free male citizen enjoyed the right and opportunity to speak freely in public assembly. A larger number of males entered politics the access to personal success and being a public figure was no longer because of class an or influence a more about speaking skills.
10. What goal did Isocrates seek through his emphasis on pan-Hellenism? He actively promoted the unity of Greece and the expansion of Greek influence.
11. Who was Aspasia? Aspasia was a female rhetorician of the fifth century she is known by only hand full of references. She hailed from Miletus a Greek Colony along the coast of modern day Turkey. Her knowledge of politics, speech writing can conversationalist and teacher of rhetoric are with equal. She is said to have taught many and came up with the so called Socrates method. Due to the fact that Greek society barred women from certain forums that men were entitled to, the story of Aspasia being a female rhetorician is fascinating and legendary because of the boundaries placed against women during this time.
References:
Herrick, J. A. (2013). The History and Theory of Rhetoric. Boston : Pearson.
Studies in Rhetorical Theory Study Questions – ANSWER KEY
Module/Topic 1 – An Overview of Rhetoric
Herrick (5th ed.) Questions for Review 1, 2, 5, and 6 on page 22 Herrick Questions for Review 1, 5, 10, and 11 on pages 46-47
Grading: 100 possible points
Question Points
1 Herrick, p. 22 13
2 Herrick, p. 22 12
5 Herrick, p. 22 12
6 Herrick, p. 22 13
1 Herrick, p. 46 13
5 Herrick, p. 46 12
10 Herrick, p. 47 13
11 Herrick, p. 47 12
Total 100
Herrick (5th ed.) Questions for Review 1, 2, 5, and 6 on page 22
1. How are the following terms defined in the chapter? rhetoric the art of rhetoric rhetorical discourse rhetor Rhetoric” is defined on pages 6-8.
George Kennedy defines “rhetoric” as: “the energy inherent in emotion and thought, transmitted through a system of signs, including language, to others to influence their decisions or actions” (Herrick, p. 6). “The Art of Rhetoric” is defined by Herrick as: “the systematic study and intentional practice of effective symbolic expression” (Herrick, p. 8). “Rhetorical Discourse” can be defined as: discourse generated according to the ideology of the art of rhetoric (Herrick, p. 8). A “rhetor” can simply be defined as anyone engaged in the practice of rhetoric.
2. What are the marks or characteristics of rhetorical discourse discussed in this chapter?
The six distinguishing marks or characteristics of rhetorical discourse are that it is: planned, adapted to an audience, shaped by human motives, responsive to a situation, persuasion-seeking, and concerned with contingent issues (Herrick, pp. 8-15).
5. Which three types of power are enhanced by an understanding of the art of rhetoric? The three types of power enhanced by an understanding of rhetoric are: personal power, psychological power and political power (Herrick, pp. …show more content…
17-18).
6.
Given the definition and description of rhetoric in Chapter 1, George Kennedy’s idea that the yellow pages of a phone book are more rhetorical than the white pages could be supported in a number of ways. As the yellow pages contain ads, one may argue that they are planned, adapted to audience, build community, etc.
Herrick Questoins for Review 1, 5, 10 and 11 on pages
46-4
1. What beliefs, practices, and personal qualities characterized the Sophists?
The Sophists (starting around the fifth century B.C. through the end of the fourth century) were likened to modern-day professors who taught (for a fee) the art of logos (words and argument). The Sophists believed that strong arguments could be made for or against any subject matter (dissoi logoi), that “truth” emerged from these arguments, and also encouraged students to memorize speeches and model their own oratory after more famous speeches. They further claimed the ability to teach one to gain mastery over others through speech. Many Sophists came to Athens from abroad, and thus were skeptical about divine truths (Herrick, pp. 31-37).
5. What was the right of isegoria
The right of isegoria was open only to every free male citizen and it guaranteed “the opportunity to speak freely in public assemblies” (Herrick, p. 29).
10. What goal did Isocrates seek through his emphasis on pan-Hellenism?
As regards to Pan-Hellenism (a belief in the unity/expansion of Greece), Isocrates’ focus was on preparing the leaders of Greece to make sound political decisions, to improve political practice (Herrick, pp. 42-44).
11. Who was Aspasia?
Aspasia, a female rhetor (470-400 BCE), was the beloved companion of Pericles. Her understanding of rhetoric, speechwriting and conversation was unequalled. She is said to have taught even Socrates, and invented what is now called the “Socratic Method” (Herrick, p. 45).
Herrick, Questions for Review, p. 22: 1, 2, 5, & 6; pp. 46-47: 1, 5, 10, & 11
Chapter One Questions
1. How are the following terms defined in the chapter?
• Rhetoric is defined as the study and / or practice of effective symbolic expression.
• The art of rhetoric is the systematic study and intentional practice of effective symbolic expression. Effective means achieving the purposes of the symbol user, whether that purpose is persuasion, clarity, beauty, or mutual understanding.
• Rhetorical discourse is the messages crafted to the principles of rhetoric
• Rhetor is the individual practicing preparing, presenting rhetorical discourse.
2. What are the marks or characteristics of rhetorical discourse …show more content…
discussed in this chapter?
There are six distinguishing characteristics:
• Planned – This takes some forethought of how to address an audience. Issues that arise during planning maybe the arguments one will present, evidence that supports ones argument, the order one will present the arguments and evidence and the resources of language that are available given the topic and type audience.
• Adapted to an audience- is the rhetoric planned with some audience in mind. A rhetor usually must make an educated guess about the audience one is addressing. Rhetorical discourse builds bond between the rhetor views and those of the audience. Speakers, writers and designers must address the audience’s values, experiences, beliefs, and aspirations.
• Shaped by human motives is closely related to concern for the audience and the rhetors addressing the audience with a goal in mind. Planning and adaptation are governed by the desire to achieve these goals. The goals might be seeking cooperation, building consensus, finding compromise, forging an agreement, wishing to be understood, or simply to have the last word. Rhetoric accomplishes this by aligning their motives with that of the audience.
• Responsive to a situation is a response either to a situation or to a previous rhetorical statement or simply that rhetoric is crafted in response to set of circumstances, including a particular, time, location, problem, and audience.
• Persuasion seeking is to influence an audience to accept an idea and then act. Persuasion is assisted by four resources: arguments, appeals, arrangements, and aesthetics.
• A concerned contingent issue is to address unresolved issues that do not dictate a particular outcome and in the process it engages our value commitments. The process of weighing options when the issues facing are contingent.
5. Which three types of power are enhanced by an understanding of the art of rhetoric?
• Personal power provides an avenue to success and advancement by sharpening our expressive skills.
• Psychological power is to shape thought.
• Political power is the distribution of political influence is often a matter of who gets to speak.
6. Given the definition and description of rhetoric advanced in this chapter, what might historian of rhetoric George Kennedy mean by saying that yellow pages of the phone book are rhetorical than the whites pages? (Classical Rhetoric and its Christian and secular Tradition, p.4.)
He meant that the yellow pages persuade the user in choosing a particular service using aesthetics to persuade the user to pick a particular service. The media or aesthetics that are used can be pictures, bold letters, and over the top claims that one particular service can be better than the others. The white pages on the other hand is unattractive and is natural in tone and has no over the top aesthetics, it has no advertisement genre. It persuades the user in no particular fashion.
Chapter Two Question
1. What beliefs, practices, and personal qualities characterized the Sophists?
The Sophist provided services in speechwriting, teachers and professional speakers an in having excellent display of language, brilliant styles, colorful appearances and flamboyant personalities. Sophist was social iconoclasts that questioned Greek society by using paradoxes to shock their audiences in order to provoke debate and inquiry. They were teachers of arête or the natural qualities of a leader. The idea that qualities of a leader could be taught was a threat to the established Athenian order. They taught that by the method of dialectic or the inventing arguments for and against a proposition. They believe that there was a strong argument against anything or dissoi logoi. Using kairos was a way making sure that their truths depended on careful consideration of factor surrounding an even, including time, opportunity, and circumstances. To achieve this quality in speech was a demonstration of one’s quickness and skill in words. The Sophists were not without controversy one was that they taught for pay practices that was not accepted during and Athenians believed that the practice was unethical and subversive. Most were foreigners itinerants who traveled from city to city looking for work as teachers, entertainers and speechwriters. Athenian’s considered them as exotic imports, this fact that they were from outside of Hellenistic world and their habit of travel created also concern. Hellenistic world was the norm of Greek cultural and Sophists believed that truth or reality is a linguistic construction rather than objective fact, in others words the world can be recreated linguistically or by whoever could speak more persuasively. Sophists view of justice on the notion of social agreement and that public law and morality are matters of social agreements and local practice not of God or a king. Their views undermined the moral foundations of Greek Society. Sophist were superb public figures, statesmen, politicians, diplomats, poets educators, but there negative image is I up for debate because their enemies shaped a persuasive arguments for these claims.
5. What was the right of isegoria?
Every free male citizen enjoyed the right and opportunity to speak freely in public assembly. A larger number of males entered politics the access to personal success and being a public figure was no longer because of class an or influence a more about speaking skills.
10. What goal did Isocrates seek through his emphasis on pan-Hellenism? He actively promoted the unity of Greece and the expansion of Greek influence.
11. Who was Aspasia? Aspasia was a female rhetorician of the fifth century she is known by only hand full of references. She hailed from Miletus a Greek Colony along the coast of modern day Turkey. Her knowledge of politics, speech writing can conversationalist and teacher of rhetoric are with equal. She is said to have taught many and came up with the so called Socrates method. Due to the fact that Greek society barred women from certain forums that men were entitled to, the story of Aspasia being a female rhetorician is fascinating and legendary because of the boundaries placed against women during this time.
References:
Herrick, J. A. (2013). The History and Theory of Rhetoric. Boston : Pearson.
Studies in Rhetorical Theory Study Questions – ANSWER KEY
Module/Topic 1 – An Overview of Rhetoric
Herrick (5th ed.) Questions for Review 1, 2, 5, and 6 on page 22 Herrick Questions for Review 1, 5, 10, and 11 on pages 46-47
Grading: 100 possible points
Question Points
1 Herrick, p. 22 13
2 Herrick, p. 22 12
5 Herrick, p. 22 12
6 Herrick, p. 22 13
1 Herrick, p. 46 13
5 Herrick, p. 46 12
10 Herrick, p. 47 13
11 Herrick, p. 47 12
Total 100
Herrick (5th ed.) Questions for Review 1, 2, 5, and 6 on page 22
1. How are the following terms defined in the chapter? rhetoric the art of rhetoric rhetorical discourse rhetor Rhetoric” is defined on pages 6-8.
George Kennedy defines “rhetoric” as: “the energy inherent in emotion and thought, transmitted through a system of signs, including language, to others to influence their decisions or actions” (Herrick, p. 6). “The Art of Rhetoric” is defined by Herrick as: “the systematic study and intentional practice of effective symbolic expression” (Herrick, p. 8). “Rhetorical Discourse” can be defined as: discourse generated according to the ideology of the art of rhetoric (Herrick, p. 8). A “rhetor” can simply be defined as anyone engaged in the practice of rhetoric.
2. What are the marks or characteristics of rhetorical discourse discussed in this chapter?
The six distinguishing marks or characteristics of rhetorical discourse are that it is: planned, adapted to an audience, shaped by human motives, responsive to a situation, persuasion-seeking, and concerned with contingent issues (Herrick, pp. 8-15).
5. Which three types of power are enhanced by an understanding of the art of rhetoric? The three types of power enhanced by an understanding of rhetoric are: personal power, psychological power and political power (Herrick, pp. …show more content…
17-18).
6.
Given the definition and description of rhetoric in Chapter 1, George Kennedy’s idea that the yellow pages of a phone book are more rhetorical than the white pages could be supported in a number of ways. As the yellow pages contain ads, one may argue that they are planned, adapted to audience, build community, etc.
Herrick Questoins for Review 1, 5, 10 and 11 on pages
46-4
1. What beliefs, practices, and personal qualities characterized the Sophists?
The Sophists (starting around the fifth century B.C. through the end of the fourth century) were likened to modern-day professors who taught (for a fee) the art of logos (words and argument). The Sophists believed that strong arguments could be made for or against any subject matter (dissoi logoi), that “truth” emerged from these arguments, and also encouraged students to memorize speeches and model their own oratory after more famous speeches. They further claimed the ability to teach one to gain mastery over others through speech. Many Sophists came to Athens from abroad, and thus were skeptical about divine truths (Herrick, pp. 31-37).
5. What was the right of isegoria
The right of isegoria was open only to every free male citizen and it guaranteed “the opportunity to speak freely in public assemblies” (Herrick, p. 29).
10. What goal did Isocrates seek through his emphasis on pan-Hellenism?
As regards to Pan-Hellenism (a belief in the unity/expansion of Greece), Isocrates’ focus was on preparing the leaders of Greece to make sound political decisions, to improve political practice (Herrick, pp. 42-44).
11. Who was Aspasia?
Aspasia, a female rhetor (470-400 BCE), was the beloved companion of Pericles. Her understanding of rhetoric, speechwriting and conversation was unequalled. She is said to have taught even Socrates, and invented what is now called the “Socratic Method” (Herrick, p. 45).