The behavior of nonverbal gestures at pauses in speech
The behavior of nonverbal gestures at pauses in speech
Studies that have examined bodily gesture reach a wide variety of conclusions as to the nature of gesture in relation to speech. Some hypothesize that the two occur in synchrony and are part of an integrated cognitive system ,while others hypothesize that gesture is a paralinguistic phenomenon serving to aid speech production, and occurs more often when speech becomes difficult.These theories however are based on results from studies that examine different parts or types of gesture behavior.
Pauses have often been divided into two categories, fluent and disfluent (also, grammatical and ungrammatical, respectively). Fluent pauses refer to cessations of speech that occur at prosodic boundaries. These pauses are perceived as intended breaks between meaningful chunks of speech, and have often been regarded as locations of speech planning. Conversely, disfluent pauses refer to cessations of speech that can occur anywhere within the utterance, including at normally predicted boundaries, and result from a breakdown in the relation of speech content. These pauses are not considered to be planned pauses.
Currently there are no reliable acoustic or articulatory indicators allowing one to distinguish between a fluent and disfluent pause. As such, this study will include all pauses regardless of perceived fluency or disfluency. Perceived pause fluency or disfluency will be noted at a later point in the study.
Historically the technical term “pause” also includes a category known as filled pauses. These refer to any pause that contains a filler word; for instance, “um,” and “er.” This study will examine all silent pauses in speech including the silences surrounding filler words; it will not however include the filler word as part of the pause, because fillers do not involve actual cessation of the speech articulators and as such are better investigated separately from silent pauses. Because filled
Studies that have examined bodily gesture reach a wide variety of conclusions as to the nature of gesture in relation to speech. Some hypothesize that the two occur in synchrony and are part of an integrated cognitive system ,while others hypothesize that gesture is a paralinguistic phenomenon serving to aid speech production, and occurs more often when speech becomes difficult.These theories however are based on results from studies that examine different parts or types of gesture behavior.
Pauses have often been divided into two categories, fluent and disfluent (also, grammatical and ungrammatical, respectively). Fluent pauses refer to cessations of speech that occur at prosodic boundaries. These pauses are perceived as intended breaks between meaningful chunks of speech, and have often been regarded as locations of speech planning. Conversely, disfluent pauses refer to cessations of speech that can occur anywhere within the utterance, including at normally predicted boundaries, and result from a breakdown in the relation of speech content. These pauses are not considered to be planned pauses.
Currently there are no reliable acoustic or articulatory indicators allowing one to distinguish between a fluent and disfluent pause. As such, this study will include all pauses regardless of perceived fluency or disfluency. Perceived pause fluency or disfluency will be noted at a later point in the study.
Historically the technical term “pause” also includes a category known as filled pauses. These refer to any pause that contains a filler word; for instance, “um,” and “er.” This study will examine all silent pauses in speech including the silences surrounding filler words; it will not however include the filler word as part of the pause, because fillers do not involve actual cessation of the speech articulators and as such are better investigated separately from silent pauses. Because filled
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