Anne Frank pictured in May 1942
Born
Annelies[1] or Anneliese[2] Marie Frank
12 June 1929
Frankfurt, Weimar Germany
Died
Early March 1945 (aged 15)
Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, Lower Saxony, Nazi Germany
Nationality
German until 1941
Stateless from 1941
Notable works
The Diary of a Young Girl (1947)
Signature
Early life
Frank was born Annelies[1] or Anneliese[2] Marie Frank on 12 June 1929 in Frankfurt, Germany, to Otto Frank (1889–1980) and Edith Frank-Holländer (1900–45). She had one elder sister named Margot (1926–45).[3] The Franks were liberal Jews, and did not observe all of the customs and traditions of Judaism,[4] and lived in an assimilated community of Jewish and non-Jewish citizens of various religions. Edith Frank was the more devout parent, while Otto Frank was interested in scholarly pursuits and had an extensive library; both parents encouraged the children to read.[5]
Memorial stone in front of the Aachen house where Anne stayed with her grandmother
The apartment block on the Merwedeplein where the Frank family lived from 1934 until 1942
On 13 March 1933, elections were held in Frankfurt for the municipal council, and Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party won. Antisemitic demonstrations occurred almost immediately, and the Franks began to fear what would happen to them if they remained in Germany. Later that year, Edith and the children went to Aachen, where they stayed with Edith's mother, Rosa Holländer. Otto Frank remained in Frankfurt, but after receiving an offer to start a company in Amsterdam, he moved there to organise the business and to arrange accommodations for his family.[6] The Franks were among 300,000 Jews who fled Germany between 1933 and 1939.[7]
Otto Frank began working at the Opekta Works, a company that sold fruit extract pectin, and found an apartment on the Merwedeplein (Merwede Square) in Amsterdam. By February 1934, Edith and the children had arrived in Amsterdam, and the two girls were enrolled in school—Margot