The Functional use of Casein in Non-Food Application
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The Functional use of Casein in Non-Food Application
FDST 429
Introduction
Milk is one of the resources in United States that is most common. Thus, casein has been long studied because of its obtainability. Many has did research on its properties to maximize its potential usage.
Casein is the main protein present in milk and cheese. It will precipitate when it reached pH 4.9 at 20C. The percentage of casein in nitrogen can be vary depend on species. For example, casein represent up to 40% in human milk while 80% in bovine. Casein contains phosphorus which is covalently bond to it via serine ester linkage. The structure of Casein is slightly close to tertiary. It is cause by its amino acid residues Proline that do not interact. Other than that, the other amino acids that casein contains are mostly essential to human. It is considered as a nutritious protein because the amount of essential amino acids is high, with the only exception of cysteine.
Casein is composed of 42 % Alpha-casein (2 major forms), 25% Beta-casein, and 9 % Kappa-casein. Both the Alpha and Beta casein are very sensitive to Calcium. Alpha casein is very amphipathic that consist a polar and a nonpolar regions. It will bind to Calcium because of phosphorylation. Then, it has relatively little secondary and tertiary structure. Beta-casein consists of more than 50% of non-polar amino acids. The only polar amino acids are the one that located in the N-terminal region of its protein sequence. Beta-casein contains 35 Proline per molecule with no alpha helix or beta sheet. It is a very flexible protein that has little or no secondary and tertiary structure. Kappa-Casein is the casein that stabilizes casein in the micelle structure form. The peptide bond of it will be hydrolyzed by Chymosin to enable Calcium interaction with the Alpha and Beta Casein.
Casein exists in milk in Casein micelle form. The micelle diameter can range from 30 to 30nm. It has a ratio of
The Functional use of Casein in Non-Food Application
FDST 429
Introduction
Milk is one of the resources in United States that is most common. Thus, casein has been long studied because of its obtainability. Many has did research on its properties to maximize its potential usage.
Casein is the main protein present in milk and cheese. It will precipitate when it reached pH 4.9 at 20C. The percentage of casein in nitrogen can be vary depend on species. For example, casein represent up to 40% in human milk while 80% in bovine. Casein contains phosphorus which is covalently bond to it via serine ester linkage. The structure of Casein is slightly close to tertiary. It is cause by its amino acid residues Proline that do not interact. Other than that, the other amino acids that casein contains are mostly essential to human. It is considered as a nutritious protein because the amount of essential amino acids is high, with the only exception of cysteine.
Casein is composed of 42 % Alpha-casein (2 major forms), 25% Beta-casein, and 9 % Kappa-casein. Both the Alpha and Beta casein are very sensitive to Calcium. Alpha casein is very amphipathic that consist a polar and a nonpolar regions. It will bind to Calcium because of phosphorylation. Then, it has relatively little secondary and tertiary structure. Beta-casein consists of more than 50% of non-polar amino acids. The only polar amino acids are the one that located in the N-terminal region of its protein sequence. Beta-casein contains 35 Proline per molecule with no alpha helix or beta sheet. It is a very flexible protein that has little or no secondary and tertiary structure. Kappa-Casein is the casein that stabilizes casein in the micelle structure form. The peptide bond of it will be hydrolyzed by Chymosin to enable Calcium interaction with the Alpha and Beta Casein.
Casein exists in milk in Casein micelle form. The micelle diameter can range from 30 to 30nm. It has a ratio of
Bibliography: 3.) No author, July 27, 2011, “ What is Milk Fiber” Retrieved From http://exchangingfire.wordpress.com/2011/02/25/what-is-milk-fiber/