The Immune System Study Guide
Chapter 21, Immunity
Pathogens: A disease-producing microbe
Immunity: The state of being resistant to injury, particularly by poisons, foreign proteins, and invading pathogens.
Susceptibility: the lack of resistance to injury, foreign proteins and invading pathogens
Innate immunity includes external physical and chemical barriers (skin and mucous membranes) and various internal defenses (phagocytes, natural killer cells, antimicrobial proteins); It does not involve specific recognition of a microbe, acts against all microbes in the same way; designed to prevent microbes from gaining access into the body and to help eliminate those that do gain access.
Adaptive immunity: Involves the production of a specific lymphocyte or antibody against a specific antigen
Innate Immunity First Line of Defense: Skin and mucous membranes. Skin provides a barrier (epidermis); mucous membranes trap microbes and foreign substances and either eject them out of the body or sends them to an organ where they are destroyed.
Innate immunity Second Line of Defense: Internal – antimicrobial proteins, natural killer cells and phagocytes
5 Steps of phagocytosis: 1. Chomtaxis: a chemical attraction of phagocytes to a site of damage. Example: an invading microbe or damaged tissue cell might release chemicals that attract phagocytes. 2. Adherence: attachment of the phagocyte to the microbe or other foreign material. 3. Ingestion: the plasma membrane of the phagocyte extends projections called pseudopods that engulf the microbe. Pseudopods fuse, surrounding the microorganism within a sac called a phagosome. 4. Digestion: the phagosome fuses with lysosomes to form a phagolysosome which breaks down the ingested cell. 5. Killing: the chemical onslaught by lysosomal enzymes. Any materials that cannot be digested further remain in structures called residual bodies.
3 Stages of Inflammation: 1. Vasodilation and increased permeability of local blood vessels. Histamine is
Pathogens: A disease-producing microbe
Immunity: The state of being resistant to injury, particularly by poisons, foreign proteins, and invading pathogens.
Susceptibility: the lack of resistance to injury, foreign proteins and invading pathogens
Innate immunity includes external physical and chemical barriers (skin and mucous membranes) and various internal defenses (phagocytes, natural killer cells, antimicrobial proteins); It does not involve specific recognition of a microbe, acts against all microbes in the same way; designed to prevent microbes from gaining access into the body and to help eliminate those that do gain access.
Adaptive immunity: Involves the production of a specific lymphocyte or antibody against a specific antigen
Innate Immunity First Line of Defense: Skin and mucous membranes. Skin provides a barrier (epidermis); mucous membranes trap microbes and foreign substances and either eject them out of the body or sends them to an organ where they are destroyed.
Innate immunity Second Line of Defense: Internal – antimicrobial proteins, natural killer cells and phagocytes
5 Steps of phagocytosis: 1. Chomtaxis: a chemical attraction of phagocytes to a site of damage. Example: an invading microbe or damaged tissue cell might release chemicals that attract phagocytes. 2. Adherence: attachment of the phagocyte to the microbe or other foreign material. 3. Ingestion: the plasma membrane of the phagocyte extends projections called pseudopods that engulf the microbe. Pseudopods fuse, surrounding the microorganism within a sac called a phagosome. 4. Digestion: the phagosome fuses with lysosomes to form a phagolysosome which breaks down the ingested cell. 5. Killing: the chemical onslaught by lysosomal enzymes. Any materials that cannot be digested further remain in structures called residual bodies.
3 Stages of Inflammation: 1. Vasodilation and increased permeability of local blood vessels. Histamine is