ritual, the grand master had to have a superior understanding of the Five Classics.
ritual, the grand master had to have a superior understanding of the Five Classics.
During the Ancient times, China and India both had their own set of beliefs; Han Wudi excerised Confucianism in China and Ashoka promoted Buddhism in India but Han Wudi was not a lover of Confucian where Ashoka himself practiced Buddhism. However both ruled with a centralized bureaucracy and policed the provinces to maintain order and policies. And lastly, neither had strict policies constricting their people nor did they have much of a justified social structure.…
Consolidating the Roman and Chinese Empires 1. both empires defined themselves in universal terms 2. both invested heavily in public works 3. both claimed supernatural sanctions a. deceased Roman emperors as gods (imperial cult) i. persecution of Christians for nonparticipation in cult b. Chinese emperor as Son of Heaven i. rule by Mandate of Heaven ii. dependent on just rule iii. heavy ritual duties to maintain relationship between earth and heaven iv. moral government spelled out by writings of Confucius and his followers The Han Dynasty was heir to the Qin state that had unified China in 221 BCE. The first ruler of the Qin established the title of “emperor.” The power of a Chinese emperor was absolute; however, he was subject to various checks on his authority by both high officials and imperial family members. The Romans practiced emperor worship solely in the case of dead emperors. In addition, only certain emperors were accorded divine honors, and always after death. In other parts of the Empire, however, local customs merged with Roman ones. In Egypt, for instance, emperor worship was practiced more widely. This was because the Roman office of emperor combined with the Egyptian notion as Pharaohas-sun-god. Chinese emperors were not considered divine beings. The emperor was called the “Son of Heaven” and was responsible for conducting sacrifices to both Heaven and Earth. The word “Heaven” referred more or less to what we would call “nature”: the succession of day and night, and the motions of the stars and planets. During the first millennium BCE, the concept of the “Mandate of Heaven” was applied. If an emperor oppressed the people, Heaven could withdraw a dynasty’s right to govern.…
The idea of ruling a powerful government based on the principle of using two conflicting ideologies at the same time appeared foreign to most dynasties of early China. In early Chinese times, after the Period of the Warring States, two ideologies emerged: Legalism and Confucianism. Legalism stressed a strong central government that expressed harsh laws while Confucianism had a decentralized government, placing trust in conscientious and learned individuals to work together to solve political issues. These two schools of thought were in stark contrast to each other and, up until the Han dynasty, had never been combined with each other through government policy. The Qin dynasty, for example implemented a strict Legalist government while the Zhou dynasty applied a decentralized Confucianist government, which, as with the Qin dynasty, did not last long. As opposed to the Qin and Zhou dynasties, the combination of Legalist and Confucianist values led to a successful government in the Han dynasty because it gave way to a strong central government along with a rise in cultural and intellectual thinking while also checking each of the ideologies to prevent one from becoming too dominant.…
There are millions of people that populate our country and within these people there are several cultures. All of these cultures have their own set of values and beliefs when it comes to medial treatment. As nurses it is our duty to understand the specific beliefs of a culture and to respect their culture when giving them care. This paper discusses the specific customs of Chinese culture in regards to pregnancy with specific information on prenatal, labor and delivery, and postpartum rituals.…
On January 21st, 1993, Bill Clinton spoke to America on what they could expect of his term as president. In his inaugural address, he motivated a nation using multiple forms of rhetoric. Although later scandal shattered his ethos, during his inaugural address his ethos is strong demonstrated by references to previous presidents and a confident tone. He also exploits a significant amount of logos, referring to the struggles of the people at the time with various things such as communism, the depression, and fascism. His kairos on discussing these issues is excellent, while the matters were still relevant yet not too much of a threat to frighten people. He also employs logic or logos by demonstrating…
As the USA has been the one of the most powerful and influential countries for the last century, it’s important to understand dynamics, the ideology and principles of the country. Given the fact that the current face of the USA has been shaping by history, in this essay we’ll follow a historical approach of the American principles, starting with the birth of America until the XXI century. We are going to see how some of the values claimed by the American Constitution and the early principles have partially been abandoned and how some of the other values and principles have been expanded throughout the years.…
After the Qin Dynasty was replaced by Han Dynasty, Han Dynasty started to adapt Confucianism, and it had already become political elite in Han Dynasty. Even though Confucian scholars were in a low political status, it also provided them with more time to study on the Confucian classics, teaching apprentices; thus they had a more profound understanding on society and politics. Through their constantly of efforts, transformation and development of Confucianism, Emperor Han adapted their doctrine of Confucianism that was conducive to the ruler to rule the country. After that, Confucianism doctrines was not only expanded throughout the China, but increasingly introduced to Korea, Vietnam and Japan. It was the period called Confucianism as Proper…
The period of 600BCE-600CE was a time where many ideologies, philosophies, and religions spread. Many different religions and philosophies merged, and some new ones were born. Many of these religions and philosophies were influential in their countries in many ways. One philosophy that had major influence on its country is Confucianism. The effects Confucianism had on China socially were that the patriarchy was heavily promoted and more important Filial Piety was introduced and used.…
He thought of many rules and even a version of the golden rule saying, "What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others." (The World Book Encyclopedia 2004 World book, Inc. Chicago IL. Volume 4) Many consider Confucianism as a religion, but it has no clergy and doesn't involve any type of worship. It is more of a guide to mortality and good government. Confucianism originated about 500 BC, and from 100's BC to the 1900's AD Confucianism was the most important single force in Chinese life. This religion influenced education, government, personal behavior, and the individuals' duty to society. Confucianism started because of a philosopher named Confucius, born about 551BC. He believed his society could be saved if it emphasized sincerity in personal and public conduct. The Confucian's believed the key to orderly social life was gentlemen. Confucius believed they were rulers. He wasn't very well known when he came to his death. It was his followers that spread his ideas, Mencius, (390?-305? BC) and there was Xunzi (mid 200s BC). Mencius believed that you were to be born good and he stressed the need to preserve "the natural compassion of the heart" that makes people human. He also emphasized the past as an ideal age and a model for examining present problems. And Xunzi believed "people could be good and live together peacefully only if their minds were shaped by education and clear rules of conduct". (The World Book Encyclopedia 2004 World book, Inc. Chicago IL. Volume…
He answered directly to Heaven and indirectly answerable to the his people. If the emperor and the government failed to do things responsibly, mistreated the people or abused power, their authority to rule could be withdrawn. Some of the signs that Heaven had withdrawn its royal mandate included natural disasters such as storms, floods, and earthquakes. It was reinforced by Confucianism and its teachings, a social, moral and philosophical code for many ages. Being simply a guide to personal behavior and success, and was a very effective government.…
In the Culture and religion of the Yuan dynasty it is said that Genghis Khan is credited with the title of master to the Quan zhen religion so that he could govern all the national Daoism groups. Every base of religion and culture that Genghis Khan was credited for was actually just based off of what Kublai Khan felt was important during his reign as emperor. Part of the reason that the Yuan was open to more religions was because of the Mongolians, they were very smart and open to different things. Towards the end of the Yuan dynasty they adopted Islam and was practiced similar to today. They also used Buddhism, but that eventually took the back seat to Daoism because the Daoist were able to receive certain persecutions. This was a new…
Seen as a crucial and pivotal element in the process of deepening spiritual understanding, religious ritual plays a fundamental role in building both personal and cultural identity, an act that expresses and emphasises the things that bind a faith community together. In all religions, the milestones of a practitioner’s life are highlighted and celebrated through ritual and ceremony. These events often include both birth and death, marriage and coming of age. Several features play an indispensable role within rituals, such as the presence of representative symbols, people or religious leaders and music, features that have been central to both worship and ritual since primordial…
Looking back on the first civilizations of China provides a reflection of modern Chinese and East Asian societies.…
Over time many religions as well as philosophies have impacted the lives of many people. Christianity and Confucianism are two examples of those who have impacted their followers. Christianity was formed in 1st century A.D, and Confucianism was formed in 551 B.C.…
Two days ago during midnight it was said that Parris’s daughter Betty, couldn’t move herself and that doctors can’t help her. Rumors were spread out at the town of Salem, Massachusetts. It was said that Abigail was dancing naked with Betty and others in the forest at night. Parris accused Abigail by saying “My daughter and my niece I discovered dancing like heathen in the forest” (p9.i.II). Abigail denied it by saying “Uncle we did dance; let ybigail said that they were just having fun and the only reason she has a bad name in town is because of Goody Proctor. Abigail told Parris “I will not have it said my name is soiled! Goody Proctor is a gossiping liar!” (p12.i.I).…