The Spartacus Revolt
The Spartacus revolt is different from the two Sicilian island ones. The slaves revolting were not herdsmen or farmers, instead Spartacus led a revolt of gladiators. Gladiators were men who were trained to fight each other to death for the entertainment of Roman public. Gladiators were not never the same amount of treat that a farm slave or same amount of freedom a herdsmen slave would get. The life of gladiators was not a very promising one with the idea you would die for people enjoyment and had to fight to for a living knowing you can die at the next event. It is talk about great detail that gladiators were not to allow to go unwatched when practicing with the weapons provided to them. They were seen as a threat if they escape the school,
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because of their training even with. Gladiators seem to either get killed in the area or kill themselves through varies means, since they were always being watch a German gladiator got creative. At one of the gladiator schools in a German man, while in the bathroom, got a sponge and jam it down his throat and choke to death. Sponges were used to clean yourself after using the bathroom. He choke on sponge filled with human feces and other bodily fluids. Now reading that help understand the psyche of gladiator rather kill themselves before someone else kills them. Here another example of a gladiator killing himself. He traveling to the arena and he waited for the guards to not be looking and jump into the wheel to break his neck and he was successful. (Seneca 49) Symmachus in 393 A.D. wrote a letter to his brother saying that 29 of his gladiator killed themselves. Spartacus was not the first rebellion to use gladiators, according to Tacitus, a Gallic rebel name Sacrovir invade a town that a gladiator school and use them in his rebellion, but failed. During Caesar rise to power in 49 B.C. Pompey fear Caesar gladiators would take this moment to raise and join Caesar. What made Spartacus so special that he lead a also success rebellion of gladiator and would even threaten the city of Rome at his high. Capua where the revolt started and where most of the gladiator schools were located. With Lentulus Batiatus, slave gladiator trainer, and company were displease fighting when they have commited a crime, but fighting for a crowd and for the master to make more money. They had plan and 200 were ready, but were betrayed. In the end only 72 gladiator made it out among them a Thracian. Spartacus, Rome greatest villain and greatest hero to the civilization that came after Rome. “Spartacus was a Thracian...possessed great spirit and bodily strength…intelligent…[and] Greek.”(Plutarch 131) Appian account suggest that Spartacus once fought in the Roman army at somepoint before he was slave. The Roman will learn just how smart a Greek slave can be. The Roman senate again not taking this revolt as a serious threat will learn the hard way now. They would send Gaius Claudius Glaber was the first person to attempt to stop Spartacus. Spartacus outsmarted Claudius and his army by climbing down from the mountain they were trap on into Roman camp. Roman camp being unaware what was happening were surrounded and slaughter ending Claudius “attempt.” The second attempt senate sent Publius Varinius to deal with Spartacus. Spartacus again showing off his intelligences and leadership. Spartacus would capture Varinius co-commander name Lucius Cossinius while bathing. He would escape but Spartacus seize all of the supplies and then he killed Cossinius. He would later defeat Varinius on the battlefield and would end up capturing Varinius lictors and his horse. Spartacus was fear, but at the same time people saw fame in him. The Senate would get it right by sending Crassus to deal with Spartacus and he would be successful. Spartacus battlefild success lead many people to join his ranks beside gladiators, but he did not accept Roman deserters either because of they left Roman army what is stoping them from leaving his army or his Roman army experience made his have distaste comes deserters. Spartacus was a very good at organizing his people to march on the ground in Italy to the mountains of the Alps to get to Gaul held land. At first just organizing 72 or 74 gladiators, to around 70,000 slave army defeating multiple legions, and finally to about 120,000 slaves under his commanded. Spartacus knew he had to gather supplies at every single moment he gets the chance. He was very self-aware of the situation he was in when he was facing Crassus legion. Spartacus, according to Appian interruption of Spartacus revolt, capture a Roman soldier and had him crucified in front of his men to show what will happen if they lose to Crassus to lose at all. As a Roman governor, his should study all of the slave revolts to better understand what rebel atypical rebel leader would be like. If someone was appointed governor somewhere in the Republic after both Sicilian revolt and the Spartacus revolts with full awareness about how the senate repeatedly set forth a lackluster effort in dealing with the revolts each time.
This person would need to have an ear to ground and know what to look for, thus an atypical rebel profile would be create in helping to identify potential rebel leaders. The profile should cover mistreated slaves and slave leaderships or anti-leaders, Fortune-telling, astrology, and religion, and finally area they are from. The first thing one this profile would slaves that face some type of mistreat from their master. Most, if not all, of the Roman slave rebellion underlining cause was slaves being mistreat by their master and local government not doing anything to stop the masters. This is big issue and if dealt with correctly it would stop slave inspired revolts. The three big revolts were a result of master mistreating slaves especially in the first one. The husband and wife competing who can do the worst thing to a slave and followed by authority doing nothing to stop it. Slaves being mistreated have the most cause to rebel and kill their master. Now slaves in leadership position should put of the profile. The way Roman set up vilicus it seems that the slaves look to the vilicus for leadership and respect that person more than the master and his family. The people who are leaders of within the slave community and those that would not even be consider to be vilicus according Cato the Elder requirements should also be watch and the first thing of the profile to determine a potential rebel
leader. If a potential rebel leader has master that mistreats them, is either a vilicus or someone who should never be one, pretty much a bad slave, then this potential enemy to the state will go through another check list. If his has one more of following profile based on the Cato the Elder document on a slave farm manager and their duties, meaning that if the person in question had anything in common with what makes someone not idea to a vilicus. Kleon is a good example of a vilicus wasn’t the ideal candidate to be one, because he had astrology skills and foreign religion knowledge. He probably did not enforce the other slaves to worship the Roman religion. Fortune-telling will be big part of this profile, because of the slave rebel leaders Eunus, Salvius, and Athenion all sharing the ability to predict the future or have a religious power tell them the future. This seem to be over look in each of the Sicilian revolts, because each revolt had one person who had the ability to predict the future and would demonstrate it publically especailly Eunus. Another trail would be the knowledge of astrology, because the slave rebel leaders like Eunus, Salvius and Kleon all of some form of knowledge on being able to read the stars or interpret the stars/sky claiming it was sign from god. The two traits of astrology and fortune-telling are important, but any slaves that have some form of religious leader worship should be watch carefully and any reports of slave not following Roman religious should be dealt with. Eunus was openly practicing a non-Roman religion and nobody did anything. He would gather support by using his heresy religion and would breathe fire and predicting the future by using fire. Any good Roman or slave should report anybody proclaiming to be a king, but nobody did when Eunus claim he was king. Rome has no king the people rule and we must deal with people who wish end our way of life, slave or not. Now if this potentially rebel leader was mistreat or a leader the slaves look to, and they claim they can predict the future, use astrology, claim they are king, because of their religion or other factors. Now the last piece of the puzzle origin of the slave. The most of the slaves came from newly Roman conquer areas and taking the prisoners of war or any male age warrior and selling them to slave market. These new slaves are problematic, because they reminder what freedom is and will do anything to be free again. The people from areas around Asia Minor, Greece and Gaul should be watch a little more carefully than the other slaves, because those were three areas were Rome was either fighting someone their or just conquer them. The slave from that area have been play a part in slave revolts all of revolts but especially in Spartacus’s revolt. If they do come from this area and follow all of atypical rebel leaders characteristic then this person needs to be dealt with, but governor can only make this profile work on rebel leader like Eunus, Kleon, Salvius, and Athenion. They have a predictable pattern. The profile would not be able to pick on another Spartacus type rebellion. The only red flag was that he was from Greece and his master kind of mistreated him, but as bad as Eunus and Salvius slaves were before the rebellion. The three slaves war first Sicilian war led by Eunus and Kleon in 135 B.C. to 132 B.C., the second Sicilian war led by Salvius, and Athenion in 104 B.C. to 100 B.C., and finally Spartacus slave war in 73 B.C. to 71 B.C. background and leadership style help these leaders be successful for a short amount of time. First Sicilian slave war had Eunus using his religious background, his ability to predict the future to gather support, while his counterpart Kleon was a vilicus and would use the leadership style that vilicus had by leading by example and would use another skill of organizing slaves to be a fighting force. The second Sicilian slave war had Salvius used his ability to fortune-tell and while Athenion used his vilicus experience to organize the army better and would use his astrology ability to bring his troops together in his cause claiming even the gods support it. Finally Spartacus slave war led by the name himself Spartacus. Depending on the source Spartacus once fought in Roman army should would explain his ability to defeat Roman armies so easily, he was always looking to gather supports for his army/horde. He would lead by example and to inspire his troops and would let word of his victories to gather more support. If a Roman governor made a profile of atypically rebel leader base on the slave revolts it would not work that well. The Sicilian slave wars leader has so much in common that the profile would only be good at stopping Eunus and Salvius type of rebel leaders. A leader like Spartacus would be harder to profile since he is so different from the previous four people, only sharing mistreatment by his master and knowing that freedom felt like. Spartacus was a special leader he fought for the Romans, became a gladiator and then led the biggest slave revolt in Roman history. In short the profile create above would only be good for stopping stop time rebel like Eunus and Salvius rebellion. A governor would never be able to stop a Spartacus like uprising.
because of their training even with. Gladiators seem to either get killed in the area or kill themselves through varies means, since they were always being watch a German gladiator got creative. At one of the gladiator schools in a German man, while in the bathroom, got a sponge and jam it down his throat and choke to death. Sponges were used to clean yourself after using the bathroom. He choke on sponge filled with human feces and other bodily fluids. Now reading that help understand the psyche of gladiator rather kill themselves before someone else kills them. Here another example of a gladiator killing himself. He traveling to the arena and he waited for the guards to not be looking and jump into the wheel to break his neck and he was successful. (Seneca 49) Symmachus in 393 A.D. wrote a letter to his brother saying that 29 of his gladiator killed themselves. Spartacus was not the first rebellion to use gladiators, according to Tacitus, a Gallic rebel name Sacrovir invade a town that a gladiator school and use them in his rebellion, but failed. During Caesar rise to power in 49 B.C. Pompey fear Caesar gladiators would take this moment to raise and join Caesar. What made Spartacus so special that he lead a also success rebellion of gladiator and would even threaten the city of Rome at his high. Capua where the revolt started and where most of the gladiator schools were located. With Lentulus Batiatus, slave gladiator trainer, and company were displease fighting when they have commited a crime, but fighting for a crowd and for the master to make more money. They had plan and 200 were ready, but were betrayed. In the end only 72 gladiator made it out among them a Thracian. Spartacus, Rome greatest villain and greatest hero to the civilization that came after Rome. “Spartacus was a Thracian...possessed great spirit and bodily strength…intelligent…[and] Greek.”(Plutarch 131) Appian account suggest that Spartacus once fought in the Roman army at somepoint before he was slave. The Roman will learn just how smart a Greek slave can be. The Roman senate again not taking this revolt as a serious threat will learn the hard way now. They would send Gaius Claudius Glaber was the first person to attempt to stop Spartacus. Spartacus outsmarted Claudius and his army by climbing down from the mountain they were trap on into Roman camp. Roman camp being unaware what was happening were surrounded and slaughter ending Claudius “attempt.” The second attempt senate sent Publius Varinius to deal with Spartacus. Spartacus again showing off his intelligences and leadership. Spartacus would capture Varinius co-commander name Lucius Cossinius while bathing. He would escape but Spartacus seize all of the supplies and then he killed Cossinius. He would later defeat Varinius on the battlefield and would end up capturing Varinius lictors and his horse. Spartacus was fear, but at the same time people saw fame in him. The Senate would get it right by sending Crassus to deal with Spartacus and he would be successful. Spartacus battlefild success lead many people to join his ranks beside gladiators, but he did not accept Roman deserters either because of they left Roman army what is stoping them from leaving his army or his Roman army experience made his have distaste comes deserters. Spartacus was a very good at organizing his people to march on the ground in Italy to the mountains of the Alps to get to Gaul held land. At first just organizing 72 or 74 gladiators, to around 70,000 slave army defeating multiple legions, and finally to about 120,000 slaves under his commanded. Spartacus knew he had to gather supplies at every single moment he gets the chance. He was very self-aware of the situation he was in when he was facing Crassus legion. Spartacus, according to Appian interruption of Spartacus revolt, capture a Roman soldier and had him crucified in front of his men to show what will happen if they lose to Crassus to lose at all. As a Roman governor, his should study all of the slave revolts to better understand what rebel atypical rebel leader would be like. If someone was appointed governor somewhere in the Republic after both Sicilian revolt and the Spartacus revolts with full awareness about how the senate repeatedly set forth a lackluster effort in dealing with the revolts each time.
This person would need to have an ear to ground and know what to look for, thus an atypical rebel profile would be create in helping to identify potential rebel leaders. The profile should cover mistreated slaves and slave leaderships or anti-leaders, Fortune-telling, astrology, and religion, and finally area they are from. The first thing one this profile would slaves that face some type of mistreat from their master. Most, if not all, of the Roman slave rebellion underlining cause was slaves being mistreat by their master and local government not doing anything to stop the masters. This is big issue and if dealt with correctly it would stop slave inspired revolts. The three big revolts were a result of master mistreating slaves especially in the first one. The husband and wife competing who can do the worst thing to a slave and followed by authority doing nothing to stop it. Slaves being mistreated have the most cause to rebel and kill their master. Now slaves in leadership position should put of the profile. The way Roman set up vilicus it seems that the slaves look to the vilicus for leadership and respect that person more than the master and his family. The people who are leaders of within the slave community and those that would not even be consider to be vilicus according Cato the Elder requirements should also be watch and the first thing of the profile to determine a potential rebel
leader. If a potential rebel leader has master that mistreats them, is either a vilicus or someone who should never be one, pretty much a bad slave, then this potential enemy to the state will go through another check list. If his has one more of following profile based on the Cato the Elder document on a slave farm manager and their duties, meaning that if the person in question had anything in common with what makes someone not idea to a vilicus. Kleon is a good example of a vilicus wasn’t the ideal candidate to be one, because he had astrology skills and foreign religion knowledge. He probably did not enforce the other slaves to worship the Roman religion. Fortune-telling will be big part of this profile, because of the slave rebel leaders Eunus, Salvius, and Athenion all sharing the ability to predict the future or have a religious power tell them the future. This seem to be over look in each of the Sicilian revolts, because each revolt had one person who had the ability to predict the future and would demonstrate it publically especailly Eunus. Another trail would be the knowledge of astrology, because the slave rebel leaders like Eunus, Salvius and Kleon all of some form of knowledge on being able to read the stars or interpret the stars/sky claiming it was sign from god. The two traits of astrology and fortune-telling are important, but any slaves that have some form of religious leader worship should be watch carefully and any reports of slave not following Roman religious should be dealt with. Eunus was openly practicing a non-Roman religion and nobody did anything. He would gather support by using his heresy religion and would breathe fire and predicting the future by using fire. Any good Roman or slave should report anybody proclaiming to be a king, but nobody did when Eunus claim he was king. Rome has no king the people rule and we must deal with people who wish end our way of life, slave or not. Now if this potentially rebel leader was mistreat or a leader the slaves look to, and they claim they can predict the future, use astrology, claim they are king, because of their religion or other factors. Now the last piece of the puzzle origin of the slave. The most of the slaves came from newly Roman conquer areas and taking the prisoners of war or any male age warrior and selling them to slave market. These new slaves are problematic, because they reminder what freedom is and will do anything to be free again. The people from areas around Asia Minor, Greece and Gaul should be watch a little more carefully than the other slaves, because those were three areas were Rome was either fighting someone their or just conquer them. The slave from that area have been play a part in slave revolts all of revolts but especially in Spartacus’s revolt. If they do come from this area and follow all of atypical rebel leaders characteristic then this person needs to be dealt with, but governor can only make this profile work on rebel leader like Eunus, Kleon, Salvius, and Athenion. They have a predictable pattern. The profile would not be able to pick on another Spartacus type rebellion. The only red flag was that he was from Greece and his master kind of mistreated him, but as bad as Eunus and Salvius slaves were before the rebellion. The three slaves war first Sicilian war led by Eunus and Kleon in 135 B.C. to 132 B.C., the second Sicilian war led by Salvius, and Athenion in 104 B.C. to 100 B.C., and finally Spartacus slave war in 73 B.C. to 71 B.C. background and leadership style help these leaders be successful for a short amount of time. First Sicilian slave war had Eunus using his religious background, his ability to predict the future to gather support, while his counterpart Kleon was a vilicus and would use the leadership style that vilicus had by leading by example and would use another skill of organizing slaves to be a fighting force. The second Sicilian slave war had Salvius used his ability to fortune-tell and while Athenion used his vilicus experience to organize the army better and would use his astrology ability to bring his troops together in his cause claiming even the gods support it. Finally Spartacus slave war led by the name himself Spartacus. Depending on the source Spartacus once fought in Roman army should would explain his ability to defeat Roman armies so easily, he was always looking to gather supports for his army/horde. He would lead by example and to inspire his troops and would let word of his victories to gather more support. If a Roman governor made a profile of atypically rebel leader base on the slave revolts it would not work that well. The Sicilian slave wars leader has so much in common that the profile would only be good at stopping Eunus and Salvius type of rebel leaders. A leader like Spartacus would be harder to profile since he is so different from the previous four people, only sharing mistreatment by his master and knowing that freedom felt like. Spartacus was a special leader he fought for the Romans, became a gladiator and then led the biggest slave revolt in Roman history. In short the profile create above would only be good for stopping stop time rebel like Eunus and Salvius rebellion. A governor would never be able to stop a Spartacus like uprising.