Obesity is a medical condition resulting from the accumulation of excess fat in the human body to the extent that it might have great harm effects on the human health by increasing the diseases lowering the average life expectancy (Mahmood, 2015). Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior maintains that an individual’s behavior can be predicted based on attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and especially, intentions (Pickett, etal., 2012). Main causes of childhood obesity can include any of the following: Behavior, Media, and Socioeconomic factors. The developmental and socioeconomic literature speculate that for centuries, body image was used as a judgment of socioeconomic status and cultural opinions. Being overweight was often…
Another study that explores a different dynamic of the Theory of Planned Behavior is Brouwer and Mosack’s study called “Expanding the theory of planned behavior to predict healthy eating behaviors: Exploring a healthy eater identity” (2014). Brouwer and Mosack’s approach tested the efficiency of healthy eating behaviors by looking at an individual’s healthy eater identity, which is one’s personal meaning of what he or she believes is healthy and how to carry it out (2014). This quantitative study design, which was approved by the university’s institutional review board, consisted of 79 adult women that varied in ethnicity, age (ranged from 18-53 years old), relationship status, and dietary habits (excluding women with a history of eating disorders…
U.S. National Cancer Institute. (2008). Behavioral Intentions, Expectations and Willingness. US: U.S. National Cancer Institute.…
It is reported better evaluations of intervention content would deliver responses to these. As a result, help to simplify theoretical and conceptual uncertainty, whilst also serving to explain the structure through which TTM interventions might shape an effective basis for shifting health-related behaviours. A highly significant goal for future research should be to develop an evidence base that is not solely focused on effectiveness, but also with respect to the main propositions of the TTM. There is a genuine need for stronger evaluations of theory-based interventions that concentrates more generally than one in particular (Michie and Abraham, 2004). Additionally it has been argued, better model specification is essential, and this specification should reflect systematically rigorous evidence. Lastly, Bandura (1986) believes in order to increase one’s self-efficacy, it is important to take small and manageable…
The theory of planned behavior’s (TPB) goal is to explain human behavior by linking beliefs and behavior (Ajzen, 1991). It is an extension of the theory of reasoned action /c, as the theory of reasoned action failed to predict behavior, in which people did not have complete control over their decision. The central factor of the TPB is the intention. Intention describes the step between being motivated for something and doing something. Intention has been proven to be a good indicator of actual behavior /C Thus, intention captures all motivational factors and passes the effect onto the behavior.…
Albert Bandura was a psychologist who came up with what is known as the “Social Cognitive Theory” (“Albert Bandura,” 2015). He believed that two aspects, imitation and operant conditioning, result in social learning. According to Hannum (2005), “Bandura noted that our behavior is changed when we see a person take a specific action and be rewarded for that action”. This is where both operant conditioning and imitation comes in. Operant conditioning is any learning that is established through the use of punishments/behaviors (Cherry, 2015). In order for imitation to be successful, there are elements such as direct and vicarious reinforcements (Lefrancois, 2012, p. 326-327).…
There are similarities and differences when analyzing the components of biological and humanistic approaches to personality. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs express important aspects of biological factors that approaches personality.…
Bandura and Walters (1963) proposed the social learning theory initially to explain aggression in children, yet they argued it can be readily applied to any behaviour. SLT suggests we acquire new behaviours via observing others, then modelling the observed behaviour. We are more likely to model behaviours if the behaviour is rewarded, via indirect, vicarious reinforcement. We can also learn new behaviours via being reinforced or punished directly. Therefore, learning is a combination of indirect and direct reinforcement, both key aspects of the behaviourist approach.…
Family influences are often a major determinant of behaviour. The theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behaviour take family influences into account for health promotion interventions (McDougall 2001). The Theory of Planned Behaviour (Icek Ajzen 1980) helps to understand how we can change the behaviour of people. The TPB is a theory predicts deliberate behaviour because behaviour can be deliberative and planned. The theory of planned behaviour emphasises the role of attitudes and beliefs in behaviour change. The components are: Behavioural intention – perceived likelihood of performing behaviour, Attitude towards a behaviour – personal evaluation of the behaviour, Subjective Norm – Beliefs about whether key people approve or disapprove of the behaviour, motivation to behave in a way that gains approval. Perceived behavioural control – beliefs that one has, and can exercise control over performing the…
The Theory of Planned Behavior has demographic factors included as an external variable in the model but does not suggest that these factors directly contribute to a behavior. For example, when studying breast cancer and the behavior of getting a mammogram screening, the Health Belief Model would consider a person’s education status to be influential in determining if a woman is likely to get a mammogram. A low education level could indicate that there is not enough knowledge about breast cancer or why it’s necessary to be proactive in getting screened therefore changing the approach for that individual. The Theory of Planned Behavior would say the same, yet it would serve more as an external barrier and influence with less importance to the other…
Using Ajzen’s (1985, 1988, 1991) Theory of planned Behaviour (TPB), French et al (2012) conducted a study to understand binge drinking and the importance of beliefs for developing interventions. This study aims to address the problem of binge drinking by looking at how individuals’ salient beliefs predict the TPB constructs and actual drinking behaviour. The authors describe the TPB as the most accurate measure when beliefs and alcohol consumption as considered, they also stated that the TPB has been applied in many studies to understand alcohol consumption intentions and behaviour in young people. (Reference Page 2 half way down). This research aimed to provide evidence that future intervention research should address the TPB elements to understand and change people’s behaviour (Conner & Sparks 2005…). Although the authors haven’t used the TPB much in previous research they are both experts in the field of health psychology and research. The Authors’ defined binge drinking as the consumption of an excessive amount of alcohol in a short space of time. Binge drinking has become the…
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy will be utilized for the Bully Survival Support Group in that it focuses on the connection between an individual’s thoughts, feelings and behavior. The group facilitator presumes that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy will allow for the students to express their feelings/emotions, increase self-esteem, learn coping skills, as well as reduce anxiety, fear of attending school and other negative emotions associated with their experiences.…
I find it difficult to determine which of the three social process theories I find to be the most valid. I feel that all three have a viable place in explaining criminal behavior and work together to form a cohesive reasoning in a symbiotic system. While each theory stands alone, I often wonder if it’s the need to separate things into one specific category or another that causes the explanations to be flawed. However, the assignment says to choose which theory I believe to be the most valid. Therefore I choose social learning theory/differential association theory. Although this theory has its criticisms, such as the fact that it does not account for the first person who committed a crime. If it’s true that we learn criminal behavior from someone else, how did the first person learn to commit crimes? While I feel that this is a valid question, I have to wonder, how did the first virus come into existence, or the first person to try milk? Sometimes whether it’s mutations (for the virus), dumb luck, or even a dare gone wrong (the first person to try milk, the first successful crime), people stumble upon new things all the time, without rhyme or reason. Therefore, I suggest that it doesn’t invalidate…
The study is salient in terms of expanding the theory of planned behavior that considers how attitudes toward competing behaviors affect a focal behavior and exploring how attitudes toward childbearing and the competing behaviors of educational attainment, career development, and consumer spending affect childbearing behavior. Barber applied Fishbein and Ajzen’s frameworks on theories of reasoned action and planned behavior in studying the relation of attitudes to complex (long-term) behaviors and made an improvement by adding the effect of attitudes toward competing behaviors on the attitude-behavior relationship via attitudes, via intentions and via perceived or actual behavioral control. She also made an…
Behavioural economics; just to warn you this is a monotonous article. You’ve chosen to read on, so presumably you are interested, or just a very boring person. A common confusion the ignorant adolescent might experience, is the assumption that behavioural economics is related to finance entirely – so yes, this article is a time wasting mechanism, providing the vacant brains of readers with tedious information in relation to the study of maths and numbers (and probably lots of caffeine).…