Toxicological Chemistry
Toxicological Chemistry - relates the aspects of toxicology to the chemical structure and reactivity of the toxin. It is concerned with the chemical interaction of the toxin with the receptor that gives the physiological response. The ultimate aim is to relate functional group chemistry of both toxin and receptor to the interaction Toxicity - the degree to which a substance causes damage to an organism
Acute toxicity - the adverse effects resulting from a single exposure, or exposure over a relatively short period of time - e.g. mercury Chronic toxicity - the adverse effects resulting from the prolonged exposure, or resulting from the toxin remaining in the organism for a prolonged period - e.g. arsenic in water LD50: Median lethal dose - dose required to kill 50% of a population of specified organisms. Expressed as milligrams of substance per kilogram of body mass. Note the dose varies from species to species LDLO: Lowest published lethal does TD50:: Median toxic dose - dose at which signs of toxicity occur in 50% of a population of specified organisms LC50: Median toxic concentration - concentration of a substance in the environment (air or water) required to kill 50% of a population of specified organisms TDLO: Lowest published toxic dose - lowest dose at which signs of toxicity occur in a specified organism TCLO: Lowest published toxic concentration - lowest concentration at which signs of toxicity occur in a specified organism
Chemical Weapons Compound classes - include both compounds that can be used as chemical weapons or those that are precursors Schedule 1 -compounds that have few uses outside of chemical weapons. Quantities >100g must be declared to OPCW. For example - lewisite or chlorosarin Schedule 2- compounds that have legitimate small scale applications. Production must be declared and export to non-signatory countries is restricted. For example - Perfluroisobutyleneorr thiodiglycol
Acute toxicity - the adverse effects resulting from a single exposure, or exposure over a relatively short period of time - e.g. mercury Chronic toxicity - the adverse effects resulting from the prolonged exposure, or resulting from the toxin remaining in the organism for a prolonged period - e.g. arsenic in water LD50: Median lethal dose - dose required to kill 50% of a population of specified organisms. Expressed as milligrams of substance per kilogram of body mass. Note the dose varies from species to species LDLO: Lowest published lethal does TD50:: Median toxic dose - dose at which signs of toxicity occur in 50% of a population of specified organisms LC50: Median toxic concentration - concentration of a substance in the environment (air or water) required to kill 50% of a population of specified organisms TDLO: Lowest published toxic dose - lowest dose at which signs of toxicity occur in a specified organism TCLO: Lowest published toxic concentration - lowest concentration at which signs of toxicity occur in a specified organism
Chemical Weapons Compound classes - include both compounds that can be used as chemical weapons or those that are precursors Schedule 1 -compounds that have few uses outside of chemical weapons. Quantities >100g must be declared to OPCW. For example - lewisite or chlorosarin Schedule 2- compounds that have legitimate small scale applications. Production must be declared and export to non-signatory countries is restricted. For example - Perfluroisobutyleneorr thiodiglycol