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Transport in India
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Transport in India
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Mumbai-Pune Expressway, India 's first expressway

The Bandra Worli Sea link, with Worli skyline
Transport in the Republic of India is an important part of the nation 's economy. Since the economic liberalisation of the 1990s, development of infrastructure within the country has progressed at a rapid pace, and today there is a wide variety of modes of transport by land, water and air. However, India 's relatively low GDP per capita has meant that access to these modes of transport has not been uniform.
Motor vehicle penetration is low by international standards, with only 13 million cars on the nation 's roads.[1] In addition, only around 10% of Indian households own a motorcycle.[2] At the same time, the automobile industry in India is rapidly growing with an annual production of over 2.6 million vehicles,[3] and vehicle volume is expected to rise greatly in the future.[4]
In the interim however, public transport still remains the primary mode of transport for most of the population, and India 's public transport systems are among the most heavily used in the world.[5] India 's rail network is the 4th longest and the most heavily used system in the world, transporting over 6 billion passengers and over 350 million tons of freightannually.[5][6]
Despite ongoing improvements in the sector, several aspects of the transport sector are still riddled with problems due to outdated infrastructure and lack of investment in less economically active parts of the country. The demand for transport infrastructure and services has been rising by around 10% a year[5] with the current infrastructure being unable to meet these growing demands. According to recent estimates by Goldman Sachs, India will need to spend US$1.7 trillion on infrastructure projects over the next decade to boost economic growth, of which US$500 billion is budgeted to be spent during the


References: 1. ^ Randeep Ramesh (11 January 2008). "India gears up for mass motoring revolution with £1,260 car". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 2010-05-26. 7. ^ Shobana Chandra (17 September 2009). "U.S. Pension Funds May Invest in India Road Projects, Nath Says". Bloomberg (New York). 8. ^ Tapasyananda, Swami (2002). Sankara-Dig-Vijaya: The Traditional Life of Sri Sankaracharya by Madhava-Vidyaranya. India: Sri Ramakrishna Math. ISBN 81-7120-434-1. 12. ^ "Palanquin". Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Ed., 1911. Retrieved 2009-06-18. 13. ^ Rumu Banerjee (2009-01-18). "Fading tongas on their last ride". Online edition of the Times of India, dated 2009-01-18. Retrieved 2009-04-13. 17. ^ a b c "The changing cycle". The Tribune, India. 2006-07-09. Retrieved 2009-06-18. 19. ^ Singh, Amit (2010-01-20). "Now, paddle your way across Delhi". Mid-day.com. Retrieved 2010-04-05. 21. ^ a b Legal, Our (2008-10-31). "Rule review for rickshaw ban". Online edition of The Telegraph, dated 2008-10-31 (Calcutta, India). Retrieved 2009-04-23. 23. ^ "Rickshaw ban from today". Online edition of The Times of India, dated 2007-06-09. 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2009-06-18. 24. ^ "Ban on slow vehicles in select areas likely". Online edition of The Telegraph, dated 2006-09-29 (Calcutta, India). 2006-09-30. Retrieved 2009-06-18. 27. ^ "Cycle rickshaws: Victims of car mania". Centre for Science and Environment. Archived from the original on July 17, 2007. Retrieved 2009-06-18. 28. ^ "Kolkata 's trams to sport a new look soon". Online edition of the Times of India, dated 2009-03-11. 2009-03-11. Retrieved 2009-04-17.[dead link] 29 30. ^ a b Ted Moore (2007-05-14). "Traffic Accidents Kill At Least 51 In India On Monday". ENews 2.0. Retrieved 2009-06-12. 31. ^ "Report of Committee for study of the applicability of Variable Message Sign (VMS) on NHs inter-alia for finalization of Interim Guidelines." (PDF). Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. 2007-10-24. p. 2. Retrieved 2009-06-06. 32. ^ "India leads world in road deaths: WHO". TOI. 2009-08-17. 33. ^ Ramesh, Randeep (2008-10-11). "India 's deadly roads". London: The Guardian. 36. ^ "BMTC The Present". Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved 2009-04-18. 37. ^ "Volvo 's first city buses in India operating". Volvo Buses. 2006-01-25. Retrieved 2009-06-23.[dead link] 38 39. ^ "Volvo intra-city buses to hit B 'lore roads on Jan 17". The Financial Express. Posted: 2006-01-11 00:57:28+05:30 IST Updated: Jan 11, 2006 at 0057 hrs IST. Retrieved 2009-06-23. 40. ^ "India Gets First AC Bus Stop!". EfyTimes. 2008-12-15. Retrieved 2009-04-05. 41. ^ S. Dorairaj (2005-12-28). "Koyambedu bus terminus gets ISO certification".Online edition of The Hindu, dated 2005-12-28 (Chennai, India). Retrieved 2009-04-25. 44. ^ Chris Duggan (2006-08-15). "India 's 'Amby ' notches up half century". London: The Independent, UK. Retrieved 2009-06-23. 45. ^ Anand Sankar (2006-04-12). "When did you last call a taxi?". Chennai, India: The Hindu. Retrieved 2009-06-23. 46. ^ Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 : s. 74(2)(viii) 47 51. ^ "Auto fares must be based on meter readings". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 2007-03-30. Retrieved 2009-07-06. 52. ^ "Vroom... enjoy a pre-paid auto ride". The Times of India. 2007-03-18. Retrieved 2009-04-10. 53. ^ "Overview Of the existing Mumbai Suburban Railway". Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation. Archived from the original on June 20, 2008. Retrieved 2009-03-31. 54. ^ "Opening up new frontiers". The Hindu Business Line. 2006-10-27. Retrieved 2010-04-05. 55. ^ "Mumbai monorail to run in two years". The Times of India. 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2009-03-19. 60. ^ Gentleman, Amelia (2007-11-07). "New Delhi Air Quality Is Worsening, Group Says". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-04-05. 64. ^ Oconnor, Ashling (2008-01-11). "Tata Nano — world 's cheapest new car is unveiled in India". driving.timesonline.co.uk (London). Retrieved 2008-01-21. 65. ^ Kurup, Saira (2009-03-29). "Homemade Nano". Online edition of The Times of India, dated 2009-03-29. Retrieved 2009-04-10. 70. ^ "Mahindra Jeeps on The CJ3B Page". Film.queensu.ca. 2007-01-31. Retrieved 2010-04-05. 72. ^ "The historic Tata Motors journey". Rediff News. 2009-03-20. Retrieved 2009-06-23. 77. ^ a b c Indian Railways Year Book (2006-2007). Ministry of Railways,Government of India. 2007. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 2008-12-23.[dead link] 78 81. ^ R.R. Bhandari (2005). Indian Railways: Glorious 150 years. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. pp. 44–52. ISBN 81-230-1254-3. 84. ^ Guinness Book of World Records. Guinness World Records, Ltd. 2005. p. 93.ISBN 1-892051-22-2. 85. ^ "Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus)". World Heritage List. World Heritage Committee. 2004. Retrieved 2009-01-05. 86. ^ "Mountain Railways of India". World Heritage List. World Heritage Committee. 1999. Retrieved 2009-01-05. 87. ^ Mufti Islah (2009-02-14). "Kashmir gets rail link, international flights". CNN-IBN. Retrieved 2009-06-23. 89. ^ "India seeks nuclear help in Japan". BBC. 2006-12-14. Retrieved 2009-03-29.
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