Unit 8 Health And Social Care Psychological Analysis
Unit 8: Psychological Perspectives for Health and Social Care
The Psychodynamic Approach
This approach was related with the psychologist Sigmund Freud. He suggested that the mind is made out of 3 parts the conscious level, preconscious and unconscious level. He believes the unconscious mind is important as many of our memories, feelings and past experiences are locked up in this part. He says we can’t access these contents but they often ‘leak out’ in dreams or by the slip of the tongue whilst talking. According to Freud the conscious mind represents the tip of the iceberg. Most of our experiences and memories are either pre-conscious or unconscious. Unconscious meanings under the surface- hard to reach just like that.There are 6 psychosexual …show more content…
stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital.
Oral stage- it’s when the infant's primary source of interaction occurs through the mouth, so the rooting and sucking reflex is especially important. The primary conflict at this stage is the weaning process-the child must become less dependent upon caretakers. If fixation occurs at this stage, Freud believed the individual would have issues with dependency or aggression. Oral fixation can result in problems with drinking, eating, and smoking or nail biting. Anal stage- Freud believed that the primary focus of the libido was on controlling bladder and bowel movements. The major conflict at this stage is toilet training--the child has to learn to control his or her bodily needs. Developing this control leads to a sense of accomplishment and independence. Phallic stage- the primary focus of the libido is on the genitals. At this age, children also begin to discover the differences between males and females. Latency stage- the libido interests are suppressed. The development of the ego and superego contribute to this period of calm. The stage begins around the time that children enter into school and become more concerned with peer relationships, hobbies and other interests. Genital stage-the individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex. This stage begins during puberty but last throughout the rest of a person's life.
Psyche- the structure of the mind consisting of three dynamic parts.
Id- part of the psyche we are born with. It operates on the pleasure principle. Ego- the part of the mind whose function it is to moderate the demands of the Id and prevent the superego being too harsh. It operates on the reality principle. Superego- it’s the component of personality composed of our internalized ideals that we have acquired from our parents and from society. The superego works to suppress the urges of the id and tries to make the ego behave morally, rather than realistically.
Examples of two defence mechanisms are regression and displacement. Regression means reverting to an earlier stage of development. An example of this would be wetting the bed when a sibling is born, having been dry before. Displacement means redirecting desires onto a safe object. An example of this would be kicking the cat at home because your boss gave you a hard time at
work.
A person who is very submissive, guilty and always wanting to please may have a very strong superego. A person who is impulsive and careless of other’s feelings, doesn’t ever think through any consequences of any actions probably has a dominant Id.
Some key words in this perspective: Trust- a sense of hope and faith in others. Autonomy- faith in one’s ability to influence the environment through one’s own actions. Doubt- lack of self-belief, a sense of shame associated with failure. Initiative- a sense of purpose and belief in one’s abilities to pursue appropriate goals. Guilt- the result of trying to follow goals that conflict with those of family members. Industry- an application of skills and abilities to projects in the world, including at school. Inferiority- a sense of being a failure. Identity- a consistent sense of similarity, associated with occupational choice and social roles. Role confusion- the inability to experiment to find a social.
The five psychosocial stages of life that Erik Erikson has suggested to explain the human behaviour are as follows:
|Stage |Key focus of stage |Positive outcome |Negative outcome |
|Stage 1 (0-1 year) |How the infant is parented? |Dependable, responsive, caring |Parenting that lacks warmth and |
| | |parenting leads to a sense of |affection or is inconsistent |
| | |trust. |leads to mistrust. |
|Stage 2 (1-3 years) |Being enabled to do things by |Being supported in growing |Being criticized and |
| |yourself |independence leads to a sense of |over-controlled leads to a |
| | |autonomy. |feeling of doubt about your own |
| | | |competence. |
|Stage 3 (3-6 years) |Interaction with the world |Being encouraged to try out new |Being hampered in the desire to |
| | |skills and explore the world |find things out which could lead |
| | |leads to a sense of initiative. |to a sense of guilt and a lack of|
| | | |confidence. |
|Stage 4 (6-12 years) |Understanding how things are made|The ability to succeed at |Being pushed to take on tasks |
| |and how they work. |realistic tasks leads to a sense |they are not ready for leads to a|
| | |of industry. |sense of inferiority. |
|Stage 5 (12-18 years) |Developing a consistent sense of |Experimentation leads to a sense |The inability to experiment and |
| |identity by experimentation. |of identity |develop a sense of identity leads|
| | | |to role confusion and a negative |
| | | |identity. |
The Psychodynamic Approach
This approach was related with the psychologist Sigmund Freud. He suggested that the mind is made out of 3 parts the conscious level, preconscious and unconscious level. He believes the unconscious mind is important as many of our memories, feelings and past experiences are locked up in this part. He says we can’t access these contents but they often ‘leak out’ in dreams or by the slip of the tongue whilst talking. According to Freud the conscious mind represents the tip of the iceberg. Most of our experiences and memories are either pre-conscious or unconscious. Unconscious meanings under the surface- hard to reach just like that.There are 6 psychosexual …show more content…
stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital.
Oral stage- it’s when the infant's primary source of interaction occurs through the mouth, so the rooting and sucking reflex is especially important. The primary conflict at this stage is the weaning process-the child must become less dependent upon caretakers. If fixation occurs at this stage, Freud believed the individual would have issues with dependency or aggression. Oral fixation can result in problems with drinking, eating, and smoking or nail biting. Anal stage- Freud believed that the primary focus of the libido was on controlling bladder and bowel movements. The major conflict at this stage is toilet training--the child has to learn to control his or her bodily needs. Developing this control leads to a sense of accomplishment and independence. Phallic stage- the primary focus of the libido is on the genitals. At this age, children also begin to discover the differences between males and females. Latency stage- the libido interests are suppressed. The development of the ego and superego contribute to this period of calm. The stage begins around the time that children enter into school and become more concerned with peer relationships, hobbies and other interests. Genital stage-the individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex. This stage begins during puberty but last throughout the rest of a person's life.
Psyche- the structure of the mind consisting of three dynamic parts.
Id- part of the psyche we are born with. It operates on the pleasure principle. Ego- the part of the mind whose function it is to moderate the demands of the Id and prevent the superego being too harsh. It operates on the reality principle. Superego- it’s the component of personality composed of our internalized ideals that we have acquired from our parents and from society. The superego works to suppress the urges of the id and tries to make the ego behave morally, rather than realistically.
Examples of two defence mechanisms are regression and displacement. Regression means reverting to an earlier stage of development. An example of this would be wetting the bed when a sibling is born, having been dry before. Displacement means redirecting desires onto a safe object. An example of this would be kicking the cat at home because your boss gave you a hard time at
work.
A person who is very submissive, guilty and always wanting to please may have a very strong superego. A person who is impulsive and careless of other’s feelings, doesn’t ever think through any consequences of any actions probably has a dominant Id.
Some key words in this perspective: Trust- a sense of hope and faith in others. Autonomy- faith in one’s ability to influence the environment through one’s own actions. Doubt- lack of self-belief, a sense of shame associated with failure. Initiative- a sense of purpose and belief in one’s abilities to pursue appropriate goals. Guilt- the result of trying to follow goals that conflict with those of family members. Industry- an application of skills and abilities to projects in the world, including at school. Inferiority- a sense of being a failure. Identity- a consistent sense of similarity, associated with occupational choice and social roles. Role confusion- the inability to experiment to find a social.
The five psychosocial stages of life that Erik Erikson has suggested to explain the human behaviour are as follows:
|Stage |Key focus of stage |Positive outcome |Negative outcome |
|Stage 1 (0-1 year) |How the infant is parented? |Dependable, responsive, caring |Parenting that lacks warmth and |
| | |parenting leads to a sense of |affection or is inconsistent |
| | |trust. |leads to mistrust. |
|Stage 2 (1-3 years) |Being enabled to do things by |Being supported in growing |Being criticized and |
| |yourself |independence leads to a sense of |over-controlled leads to a |
| | |autonomy. |feeling of doubt about your own |
| | | |competence. |
|Stage 3 (3-6 years) |Interaction with the world |Being encouraged to try out new |Being hampered in the desire to |
| | |skills and explore the world |find things out which could lead |
| | |leads to a sense of initiative. |to a sense of guilt and a lack of|
| | | |confidence. |
|Stage 4 (6-12 years) |Understanding how things are made|The ability to succeed at |Being pushed to take on tasks |
| |and how they work. |realistic tasks leads to a sense |they are not ready for leads to a|
| | |of industry. |sense of inferiority. |
|Stage 5 (12-18 years) |Developing a consistent sense of |Experimentation leads to a sense |The inability to experiment and |
| |identity by experimentation. |of identity |develop a sense of identity leads|
| | | |to role confusion and a negative |
| | | |identity. |