Unit 8 p1
UNIT 8 P1
Behaviourist approach
Classical Conditioning – Learning to make an association between two events.
Operant conditioning – The use of consequences to influence the occurrences of particular behaviour.
Behaviourism is a psychological perspective, it focuses on observing behaviour. ‘ Learning theory’ is when an individual learns from observing some one else’s behaviour. The way they learn can also have an effect on their behaviour and relationships with others. A behaviourist believes that the way we cope with stress and deal with certain situations is influenced by how we learnt to cope with these from other people.
Experience, Behaviourists believe that we learn behaviour from experience. We will witness a type of behaviour then we will end up being influenced by it.
Reinforcement is the process by which good behaviour in reinforced by rewards and praise. For example if a child is learning to speak in school and possibly struggles with a particular word, then when praised for saying this word then this shows the child they are behaving well and they like the feeling of being praised to they try say the word correct again to stimulate this praise.
Pavlov’s dog was an experiment where Pavlov was learning about the digestion of dogs. He had a dog attached to a harness and monitors. But then he noticed that the dog would salivate at the sounds of the experimenter’s footsteps when they brought the food. At the point they did not realise that a dog could salivate before food touching its tongue. So this made him consider that footsteps stimulated this response because the dog associated the footsteps with the food.
So once they discovered this they changes the stimuli to a bell, and eventually the dog was conditioned to salivate when it heard the bell. This is called ‘Classical conditioning ‘.
Skinners
Behaviourist approach
Classical Conditioning – Learning to make an association between two events.
Operant conditioning – The use of consequences to influence the occurrences of particular behaviour.
Behaviourism is a psychological perspective, it focuses on observing behaviour. ‘ Learning theory’ is when an individual learns from observing some one else’s behaviour. The way they learn can also have an effect on their behaviour and relationships with others. A behaviourist believes that the way we cope with stress and deal with certain situations is influenced by how we learnt to cope with these from other people.
Experience, Behaviourists believe that we learn behaviour from experience. We will witness a type of behaviour then we will end up being influenced by it.
Reinforcement is the process by which good behaviour in reinforced by rewards and praise. For example if a child is learning to speak in school and possibly struggles with a particular word, then when praised for saying this word then this shows the child they are behaving well and they like the feeling of being praised to they try say the word correct again to stimulate this praise.
Pavlov’s dog was an experiment where Pavlov was learning about the digestion of dogs. He had a dog attached to a harness and monitors. But then he noticed that the dog would salivate at the sounds of the experimenter’s footsteps when they brought the food. At the point they did not realise that a dog could salivate before food touching its tongue. So this made him consider that footsteps stimulated this response because the dog associated the footsteps with the food.
So once they discovered this they changes the stimuli to a bell, and eventually the dog was conditioned to salivate when it heard the bell. This is called ‘Classical conditioning ‘.
Skinners