Unit 8 P1 M2
-Behaviourist Theory
Definition
Behavioural psychology, also known as behaviourism, is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviours are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. According to behaviourism, behaviour can be studied in a systematic and observable manner with no consideration of internal mental states.
Beliefs
Behaviourism is the train of through that all humans behaviour is a result of social learning from their environment. Behaviourist make there principle based on external behaviour for example body language. Another one of their beliefs is that we learn through social cues and through our environment and that’s what shapes the person we grow up to be.
Positive reinforcement
“In behaviourism positive reinforcement occurs when a reward, sometimes called a reinforcer, is given for a specific desired behaviour. Other behaviours, even those that are negative, are simply ignored. Over time, this will lead to an increase in the desired behaviour. “A stimulus which increases the frequency of a particular behavior using pleasant rewards. A doggy treat can pleasantly coerce your new puppy to sit (positive reinforcement) just as a pull to the choke collar can achieve the same affect (negative reinforcement). The difference is that the positive reinforcer is pleasant, but make sure you understand that both increase the frequency of the behavior
Negative reinforcement
With negative reinforcement the occurrence of a behavior is increased by removing an unpleasant stimulus. “For example, your dog can avoid being spanked when it sits in response to your command. If the dog has been getting spanked, not getting spanked is rewarding (removal of unpleasant stimulus) so the frequency of the behavior will increase.” People confuse negative reinforcement with punishment--just remember that with reinforcement you increase the occurrence of the behavior but
Definition
Behavioural psychology, also known as behaviourism, is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviours are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. According to behaviourism, behaviour can be studied in a systematic and observable manner with no consideration of internal mental states.
Beliefs
Behaviourism is the train of through that all humans behaviour is a result of social learning from their environment. Behaviourist make there principle based on external behaviour for example body language. Another one of their beliefs is that we learn through social cues and through our environment and that’s what shapes the person we grow up to be.
Positive reinforcement
“In behaviourism positive reinforcement occurs when a reward, sometimes called a reinforcer, is given for a specific desired behaviour. Other behaviours, even those that are negative, are simply ignored. Over time, this will lead to an increase in the desired behaviour. “A stimulus which increases the frequency of a particular behavior using pleasant rewards. A doggy treat can pleasantly coerce your new puppy to sit (positive reinforcement) just as a pull to the choke collar can achieve the same affect (negative reinforcement). The difference is that the positive reinforcer is pleasant, but make sure you understand that both increase the frequency of the behavior
Negative reinforcement
With negative reinforcement the occurrence of a behavior is increased by removing an unpleasant stimulus. “For example, your dog can avoid being spanked when it sits in response to your command. If the dog has been getting spanked, not getting spanked is rewarding (removal of unpleasant stimulus) so the frequency of the behavior will increase.” People confuse negative reinforcement with punishment--just remember that with reinforcement you increase the occurrence of the behavior but
References: Cherry , Kendra , The Little Albert Experiment(online), Available from: ,http://psychology.about.com/od/classicpsychologystudies/a/little-albert-experiment.htm (Accessed:14 October 2013) Cherry , Kendra , What Is the Genital Stage?(online) , Available from: http://psychology.about.com/od/gindex/g/def_genstage.htm (Accessed:17 October 2013) Fritscher , Lisa (2009) , Positive Reinforcement(online), Available from: http://phobias.about.com/od/glossary/g/posreinforce.htm (Accessed: 19 October 2013) Negative Reinforcement (online), Available from : http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Negative%20Reinforcement (Accessed: 19 October 2013) Social Learning Theory(online), Available from: http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Social%20Learning%20Theory (Accessed: 20 October 2013)