The word Euthanasia derives from the Greek words Eu and Thanatos which means easy or good death. Euthanasia is is defined in the Oxford Dictionary as the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma[1]. Euthanasia exists in various forms, each one specific in its criteria. Firstly there is active and passive euthanasia. Active euthanasia involves the use of direct action in order to end the patient’s life whilst passive euthanasia is the withholding of medical aid in order to allow the patient to die naturally such as not performing life-extending surgery or turning off a life support system. The next distinction is between Voluntary and Involuntary euthanasia. Voluntary euthanasia involves the patient’s termination at their own request whilst involuntary euthanasia occurs when the patient is unable to ably make a decision and therefore a suitable person makes the decision for them. Indirect euthanasia involves treating the patients pain but with the side effect of death, the primary intention is often used to justify the outcome. This is often referred to as the doctrine of double effect and in reality is not considered euthanasia given that the real purpose of the treatment is pain relief and death is merely seen as the side-affect. Finally there is assisted suicide which involves a patient incapable of committing suicide themselves asks for assistance in doing so. Euthanasia is a controversial topic that contradicts the age old moral injunction “thou shalt not kill”[2]. But similarly denying patient’s of this choice is defying medical practice cornerstones such as the patient’s autonomy and promoting their best interests. Different countries hold varying stances on Euthanasia but it is currently illegal in the UK. Most recently the case of Tony Nicklinson, a man totally paralysed by locked-in syndrome requesting euthanasia, has come to the forefront of the debate. Given the right to take his case to…
With that being said, there are two main types of euthanasia called active euthanasia and passive euthanasia. Active euthanasia describes actively attempting to end a patient’s life by means of drugs or a lethal injection. Passive euthanasia is defined as removing or withholding a medicine or treatment that could have prolonged the patient’s life. Recently, there has been much debate on whether or not passive euthanasia is as morally wrong as active euthanasia. Some claim that passive euthanasia is not a direct violation of the basic good of human life, therefore it is morally permissible. They declare active euthanasia, on the other hand, is a direct violation, and therefore is not morally permissible. I will concede that this statement is technically true in a few rare situations, but in the majority of passive euthanasia cases, the patient is being taken off life support because he is tired of living and simply wants to die. And if that is the case, who’s to tell some terminally ill patient that he’s just going to have to live out his remaining days off treatment in pain and without hope. If a terminal patient wants to die, he should be accommodated not simply ignored. If some patients would like to refuse treatment, and live out the rest of their days naturally, that’s their decision too. It’s the patient’s life. Doctors should act on the requests of their patients, not what…
“The whole history of the progress of human liberty shows that all concessions yet made to her August claims has been born of earnest struggle. ... If there is no struggle, there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom, and yet…
Our group stands strong in our belief that when differentiated form involuntary euthanasia and assisted suicide, voluntary euthanasia is morally correct. To prolong suffering and painful agony of individuals who are terminally ill and are close to dying is morally wrong. Especially if the individual voices his or her wishes to stop all medical treatments. An individual should have the power and decision over his own body. To refuse a person the right to end his or her life with dignity is to deny a person their right to choose for themselves.…
Euthanasia advocates Patients are constantly receiving criticism from those who believe that euthanasia is not ethical and should be illegal everywhere. Euthanasia can be defined as the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease. The practice of euthanasia is illegal in most countries. Euthanasia can be either voluntary, non-voluntary, or involuntary. Voluntary euthanasia occurs when the patient requests to die. Non-voluntary euthanasia occurs when a patient is either unconscious or unable to make a choice regarding their death and an appropriate person makes this decision for them. Involuntary euthanasia occurs when the patient wishes to live but is killed anyway and is considered murder. There are different…
Medical News Today explains euthanasia as the act of consenting to the termination of one’s life legally through a doctor. Although the general idea of euthanasia is thought of as assisted suicide, this treatment branches into several different aspects. There is passive euthanasia, which is more commonly found in Physician Assisted Suicide, and there is active euthanasia that uses lethal substances to end one’s life. The majority of controversy surrounding this topic is actually caused by the active form of euthanasia.…
In at least some cases, active euthanasia promotes the best interest of everyone concerned and violates no one’s rights, therefore, at least in some cases, active euthanasia is morally permissible.” (RSL/Rachels, EL 249) This is the strongest argument for active euthanasia in my opinion. Those who oppose this argument may claim that euthanasia is not in the best interests of all parties involved. The parties referenced are usually the friends/family/doctors and their grief over the situation or even the hospital and its shareholders losing money from the patient. First off, any person who wants to keep a family member alive who is in extreme pain for the sole reason of wanting to prolong being able to interact with them or to offset their own period of suffering following the family member’s death is incredibly selfish. The logical conclusion would be that family and friends of the patient would be relieved by their quick and early passing because of the avoidance of a month of suffering. Yes, of course the family and friends of the patient will experience emotional trauma from the passing of their loved one, but in due time the loved one you will pass whether they like it or not. Second, when it comes to financial losses to the hospital and its shareholders, those who would put monetary gain over the wellbeing of another human being have…
The term euthanasia originated from the Greek word for "good death." It is the act or practice of ending the life of a person either by lethal injection or the deferment of medical treatment (Munson, 2012, p. 578). Many view euthanasia as simply bringing relief by alleviating pain and suffering. Euthanasia has been a long-standing ethical debate for decades in the United States. Active euthanasia is only legal in the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. Assisted suicide is legal in Switzerland and in the United States in the states of Washington, Oregon and Montana (Angell). Several surveys indicate that roughly two thirds of the American public now support physician-assisted suicide, and more than half the doctors in the United States do too (Angell). Active voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia matter because they allow the patient or family to relieve them of pain and suffering, and to die with dignity and respect. In this paper I will argue that it is immoral and unethical to deny a patient the right to die and that active voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia should be a legal practice in the United States.…
One instance when euthanasia is justified is whether or not the person is on life support. According to the article “Where is Euthanasia Legal?” the author states, “This law was passed by the Supreme Court of India in 2011 as a means to legally withdraw life support in patients who are in a permanent vegetative state.” This is significant because when a person is non responsive or not aware, also known as being in vegetative state, because their brain is damaged, they are automatically put on life support. However, while some people have written instructions that they don’t want to be on life support, doctors should not put them on it if they have those instructions because the doctors cannot force the patient to be on life support. From the same article “ Where is Euthanasia Legal”, the author explains, “However it is…
The word 'euthanasia' comes from the Greek words 'eu' and 'thanatos', together translating as 'good death'. The Oxford Concise Medical Dictionary defines euthanasia as the 'act of taking life to relieve suffering'. In practice euthanasia proves to be far more complex, as it comes in a variety of forms. Passive euthanasia is the deliberate withdrawal of treatment and nourishment for the terminally ill patient. Active euthanasia is on the authority or for the best interests of the patient who perhaps is unable to speak for him or herself. For example, a hospital could decide when to take someone off a life support machine. Voluntary euthanasia is when the patient makes a request to have their life terminated, through the administration of a drug or other means. There is also involuntary euthanasia, which is when a life is taken away without and individual's consent and against their will and is one of the many causes for the sensitivity and distress surrounding this matter.…
Although the patient must be competent to have voluntary euthanasia performed at their request, it is not ethically acceptable for involuntary euthanasia to be administered since the patient is not competent and decisions would be carried out by a surrogate (JAMA, 1992-vol 267, No. 16).…
Perry, J., Churchill, L., Kirshner, H. (2005). The Terri Schiavo Case: Legal, Ethical, and Medical Perspectives. Annals of Internal Medicine, 143(10), 744-748. Retrieved from http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=718842…
Daniel Brock rationalizes his claim that voluntary active euthanasia is morally permissible with the use of two moral values. According to Brock, the moral values of self-determination and well-being support voluntary active euthanasia. As defined and detailed thoroughly in Brock’s argument on page 11 of his paper “Voluntary Active Euthanasia”, self-determination is equal to the ability to decide what decisions in and about your life will coincide with your concept of a good life, and well-being is equal to being content with your life. The formal argument that Brock formulates is reliant on these two moral values. The argument is as follows: “1. The values of patient self-determination and well-being support VAE, 2. So there is a good moral…
To clarify first, there are, in fact, three different types of Euthanasia. These are Voluntary, Non-Voluntary and Involuntary. Voluntary Euthanasia refers to assisted suicide performed with the patient’s consent. Non-Voluntary Euthanasia refers to a patient that could not give consent (such as a comatose or minor patient). Involuntary Euthanasia is assisted suicide on an individual that did not give consent or was against their…
Assisted suicide is the best option for the terminally ill people that want to put an end to their suffering. Terminal ill patients should be allowed to request assisted suicide to end their life in a painless, humane, and cheaper way.…