What Are The Causes Of Major Revolutions
4. The Causes of Major Revolutions: Latin American Revolutions:
1. People from all classes are discontented.
Mexico had political and economic stability, but at expense of farmers and laborers (only select few had wealth).
2. People feel restless and held down by unacceptable restrictions in society, religion, the economy, or government.
Since 1876, President Porfirio Díaz/the dictatorship severely restricted the prospects of Mexico’s middle classes for political and economic advancement.
3. People are hopeful about the future but are being forced to accept less than they expected.
The Díaz dictatorship saw the biggest and most rapid period of economic expansion and change in Mexican history, but not without consequences: it led to mass …show more content…
dispossession of lands and traditional rights of Mexico’s rural villages, because of the huge profits in commercial & export agriculture.
4. People are beginning to think of themselves as belonging to a social class and there is bitterness between social classes.
The government system prevented middle-class people from being a part of the prosperity at the top of the Mexican society, especially through unfair taxation and privileges for those with power.
5.
Social classes closest to one another are the most hostile.
The government system also prevented landowners and ranchers that were doing okay, from growing, or even surviving in some cases, when they faced the rich.
6. Scholars and thinkers give up on the way their society operates.
One revolutionary leader later said, “I began to feel the need for change in our social organization when I was 19, when, back in my town.… I saw the police commissioner get drunk almost every day in the town pool hall, in the company of his secretary; with the local judge who was also the … tax collector; with the head of the post office; and with some merchant or army officer, persons all of whom constituted the influential class of that small world.” If you crossed these people, they could ruin your life, and your family’s.
7. The government does not respond to the needs of its society.
The centralized and corrupt political system became extremely inflexible. It was not able to do away with the abuses that characterized it, especially because these abuses seemed to keep society in favor of the rich and powerful.
8. Government leaders and the ruling class begin to doubt themselves, and some join with opposition
groups.
N/A
9. The government is unable to get enough support from any group to save itself.
N/A
10. The government cannot organize its finances correctly. It is either going bankrupt, trying to tax heavily and unjustly, or a combination of both.
In Mexico, the rich, including large landowners, enjoyed tax privileges. Political connections meant avoiding taxes. This meant that the burden rested on everyone else. On top of this, taxes had gone up by 800% in the two decades before the revolution.
The Course of Major Revolutions
1. Impossible demands are made on the existing government which if granted would mean the end of the government.
Early in the 20th Century, a new generation of young leaders arose who wanted to participate in the political life of their country, but they were denied the opportunity by the officials who were already entrenched in power and who were not about to give it up. This group of young leaders believed that they could assume their proper role in Mexican politics once President Díaz announced publicly that Mexico was ready for democracy. Although the Mexican Constitution called for public election and other institutions of democracy, Díaz and his supporters used their political and economic resources to stay in power indefinitely.
2. The government makes an unsuccessful attempt to suppress the revolutionaries.
Francisco I. Madero was one of the strongest believers that President Díaz should renounce his power and not seek re-election. Together with other young reformers, Madero created the ''Anti-reeleccionista'' Party, which he represented in subsequent presidential elections. Between elections, Madero travelled throughout the country, campaigning for his ideas. Francisco I. Madero was a firm supporter of democracy and making government subject to the limits of the law, and the success of Madero's movement made him a threat to President Díaz. Shortly before the elections of 1910, Madero was apprehended in Monterrey and imprisoned in San Luis Potosí. After hearing about Díaz's re-election, Madero fled to the United States in October of 1910. In exile, he wrote the ''Plan of San Luis,'' a manifesto which declared that the elections had been a fraud and that he would not recognize Porfirio Díaz as the President of the Republic.
3. Revolutionaries gain power and appear to be united.
Madero declared himself President until new elections could be held. Madero promised to return all land confiscated from the peasants, and he called for universal voting rights and for a limit of one term for the president. Madero's call for an uprising on November 20th, 1910, marked the beginning of the Mexican Revolution. The decisive victory of the Mexican Revolution was the capture of Ciudad Juarez, just across the river from El Paso, by Orozco and Villa. Porfirio Diaz then resigned as President and fled to exile in France, where he died in 1915. With the collapse of the Díaz regime, the Mexican Congress elected Francisco León de la Barra as President temporarily and called for national popular elections, which resulted in the victory of Francisco I. Madero as President and José María Pino Suárez as Vice-President.
4. Once in power, the revolutionaries quarrel among themselves and unity dissolves.
N/A
5. Moderates gain control on the revolution but fail to satisfy more radical elements.
Madero won election in 1911, but found most revolutionaries wanted immediate change which he couldn’t provide.
6. Radicals progressively gain power until lunatic fringe gains control.
N/A
7. A strong man or dictator emerges and assumes great power.
Madero was killed in 1913, and replaced by Victoriano Huerta. Huerta didn’t stay true to revolutionary beliefs, and left the country in 1914.
8. Extremists attempt to create a utopia by introducing their whole program and punishing their opponents.
N/A
9. A period of terror occurs.
1915 Civil War caused the country to be divided into warring provinces. Their competing policies led to murders, assassinations and brutality. Constitutionalists under Carranza occupy Yucatan.
10. Moderate groups regain power and the revolution ends
Huerta was replaced by Venustiano Carranza, who organized a convention that resulted in the formation of a new constitution in 1917.
1. People from all classes are discontented.
Mexico had political and economic stability, but at expense of farmers and laborers (only select few had wealth).
2. People feel restless and held down by unacceptable restrictions in society, religion, the economy, or government.
Since 1876, President Porfirio Díaz/the dictatorship severely restricted the prospects of Mexico’s middle classes for political and economic advancement.
3. People are hopeful about the future but are being forced to accept less than they expected.
The Díaz dictatorship saw the biggest and most rapid period of economic expansion and change in Mexican history, but not without consequences: it led to mass …show more content…
dispossession of lands and traditional rights of Mexico’s rural villages, because of the huge profits in commercial & export agriculture.
4. People are beginning to think of themselves as belonging to a social class and there is bitterness between social classes.
The government system prevented middle-class people from being a part of the prosperity at the top of the Mexican society, especially through unfair taxation and privileges for those with power.
5.
Social classes closest to one another are the most hostile.
The government system also prevented landowners and ranchers that were doing okay, from growing, or even surviving in some cases, when they faced the rich.
6. Scholars and thinkers give up on the way their society operates.
One revolutionary leader later said, “I began to feel the need for change in our social organization when I was 19, when, back in my town.… I saw the police commissioner get drunk almost every day in the town pool hall, in the company of his secretary; with the local judge who was also the … tax collector; with the head of the post office; and with some merchant or army officer, persons all of whom constituted the influential class of that small world.” If you crossed these people, they could ruin your life, and your family’s.
7. The government does not respond to the needs of its society.
The centralized and corrupt political system became extremely inflexible. It was not able to do away with the abuses that characterized it, especially because these abuses seemed to keep society in favor of the rich and powerful.
8. Government leaders and the ruling class begin to doubt themselves, and some join with opposition
groups.
N/A
9. The government is unable to get enough support from any group to save itself.
N/A
10. The government cannot organize its finances correctly. It is either going bankrupt, trying to tax heavily and unjustly, or a combination of both.
In Mexico, the rich, including large landowners, enjoyed tax privileges. Political connections meant avoiding taxes. This meant that the burden rested on everyone else. On top of this, taxes had gone up by 800% in the two decades before the revolution.
The Course of Major Revolutions
1. Impossible demands are made on the existing government which if granted would mean the end of the government.
Early in the 20th Century, a new generation of young leaders arose who wanted to participate in the political life of their country, but they were denied the opportunity by the officials who were already entrenched in power and who were not about to give it up. This group of young leaders believed that they could assume their proper role in Mexican politics once President Díaz announced publicly that Mexico was ready for democracy. Although the Mexican Constitution called for public election and other institutions of democracy, Díaz and his supporters used their political and economic resources to stay in power indefinitely.
2. The government makes an unsuccessful attempt to suppress the revolutionaries.
Francisco I. Madero was one of the strongest believers that President Díaz should renounce his power and not seek re-election. Together with other young reformers, Madero created the ''Anti-reeleccionista'' Party, which he represented in subsequent presidential elections. Between elections, Madero travelled throughout the country, campaigning for his ideas. Francisco I. Madero was a firm supporter of democracy and making government subject to the limits of the law, and the success of Madero's movement made him a threat to President Díaz. Shortly before the elections of 1910, Madero was apprehended in Monterrey and imprisoned in San Luis Potosí. After hearing about Díaz's re-election, Madero fled to the United States in October of 1910. In exile, he wrote the ''Plan of San Luis,'' a manifesto which declared that the elections had been a fraud and that he would not recognize Porfirio Díaz as the President of the Republic.
3. Revolutionaries gain power and appear to be united.
Madero declared himself President until new elections could be held. Madero promised to return all land confiscated from the peasants, and he called for universal voting rights and for a limit of one term for the president. Madero's call for an uprising on November 20th, 1910, marked the beginning of the Mexican Revolution. The decisive victory of the Mexican Revolution was the capture of Ciudad Juarez, just across the river from El Paso, by Orozco and Villa. Porfirio Diaz then resigned as President and fled to exile in France, where he died in 1915. With the collapse of the Díaz regime, the Mexican Congress elected Francisco León de la Barra as President temporarily and called for national popular elections, which resulted in the victory of Francisco I. Madero as President and José María Pino Suárez as Vice-President.
4. Once in power, the revolutionaries quarrel among themselves and unity dissolves.
N/A
5. Moderates gain control on the revolution but fail to satisfy more radical elements.
Madero won election in 1911, but found most revolutionaries wanted immediate change which he couldn’t provide.
6. Radicals progressively gain power until lunatic fringe gains control.
N/A
7. A strong man or dictator emerges and assumes great power.
Madero was killed in 1913, and replaced by Victoriano Huerta. Huerta didn’t stay true to revolutionary beliefs, and left the country in 1914.
8. Extremists attempt to create a utopia by introducing their whole program and punishing their opponents.
N/A
9. A period of terror occurs.
1915 Civil War caused the country to be divided into warring provinces. Their competing policies led to murders, assassinations and brutality. Constitutionalists under Carranza occupy Yucatan.
10. Moderate groups regain power and the revolution ends
Huerta was replaced by Venustiano Carranza, who organized a convention that resulted in the formation of a new constitution in 1917.