Why Did The Catholic Church Respond To The Protestant Reformation
better understanding of the people.People believed Bible as true source of knowledge and begin to find the things written in Bible which lead to Renaissance . Renaissance had recovered many manuscripts of ancient writers some which were printed and widely circulated. They contained knowledge of Aristotle physics and science. When the scientists of that time began to calculate the findings many of the previous knowledge was challenged resulting into new knowledge and inventions which lead the reformation of Europe.
c.Discuss the specific doctrinal and political issues that led to the Protestant Reformation. How did the Catholic Church respond to the Reformation? …show more content…
In 16 century religion was not a public choice it was a determined by state and you could not deviate from it .
Over 1000 years Catholic church was single factor of unity in Europe .Withing fifty years Catholic church start loosing it position and power. With the break of holy Roman Empire local princess made mini states and the rulers didn't want wealth and power go to pope. Rise of secular and humanists also weakened the connection to Rome.There was abuse of power and courtship in the Church.Some corrupt practices include simony selling of church offices , pluralism which a person who owned more than 2 church offices. The final and worst practice of church was sale of indulgences , individual could buy forgiveness by donation to church which lead to protestant
reformation.
Pope Leo X in 16 century wanted to rebuilt Saint Peter’s Basilica in Rome. Leo belonged to powerful banking Medici family who had great patronage or art. Pope wanted make the Basilica a masterpiece of art to raise funds he started selling indulgences to who ever will contribute the project. A papal preacher name Johann Tetzel who was sent to sell indulgences reached Saxony a state in Germany. He was met with opposition, Prince who didn't wanted the revenue to leave state .He was favored by a scholar and preacher from the university named Martin Luther whose job was to debate on doctoral issues. He objected salivation was a gift from God not something that can be sold.He wrote Ninety-five theses that later formed Protestant revolution.Copied , printed and circulated around Germany as it was in German language people could easily read it and for the non readers drawings and illustration were made so majority of the people knew what was going on.Movement becomes popular and it comes to attention of Catholic church. Core beliefs of protestant were salvation is achieved through faith , Selling Indulgences is not in Bible. People should only belief what comes other than Bible and Individual should have direct relation with God no middle man needed as priest .Every profession is calling of God not only the priest serve the God.
Catholic Church at first couldn’t do anything .Emperor of holy Roman empire called Luther to a an imperial assembly in city of Worms in 1521 and in front of 300 German princess to debate his beliefs. Due to fear of arrest he fled but still kept writing the pamphlets and gain some following. As the beliefs spread people started riots against princess and resulted into a Civil war .Finally at peace of Augsburg the princess of the state were given authority to choose their religion catholism or protestanism and the people of the state would follow this was the final try of the by the emperor to keep the Holy Roman empire alive.
d.Compare and contrast the political situations in early modern England and France with regards to the structure of the government and the power of the monarchy.
In seventeenth century the monarchies of England and France faced intense power sharing struggle with the rivals, religious part was also present throughout the conflict. The English civil war was the outcome of these power sharing issue in England. King Charles I ruled England for eleven years without counseling the parliament. Instead he raised funds by taking loans from the wealthy subjects. In 1640 rebellion forced king to held a parliament session for approval of new taxes. In 1642 a parliament session was held Noblemen and churchmen sat in house of lords while representatives from towns and counties sat in house of commons. Session members were arrested when they demanded guarantees to that they won’t be ignored in future state maters which resulted in civil war.
King Charles was defeated and was hanged in 1649 when he refused to compromise. Parliament selected general Olive Cromwell who ruled England till 1658 until his death. General increased England's boundaries and firm control over Scotland and Ireland he also refused to share the power with the parliament. Kings James II succeeded his brother Charles II he also refused to respect the parliament rights and created a new conflict by baptizing as a Roman Catholic, leaders of parliament forced him to exile in a bloodless glorious revolution. Bill rights of 1689 required King to call parliament frequently on changes on laws and raise army when needed.
In France the monarch claimed absolute authority to rule in Gods name on earth. France had estates general like english parliament that represented traditional rights of clergy, nobility and the towns. The estates general was able to assert its power in during sixteenth century during French wars of religion when monarchy was week. The monarchy raised funds by efficient tax collection system and selling appointments of high government
c.Discuss the specific doctrinal and political issues that led to the Protestant Reformation. How did the Catholic Church respond to the Reformation? …show more content…
In 16 century religion was not a public choice it was a determined by state and you could not deviate from it .
Over 1000 years Catholic church was single factor of unity in Europe .Withing fifty years Catholic church start loosing it position and power. With the break of holy Roman Empire local princess made mini states and the rulers didn't want wealth and power go to pope. Rise of secular and humanists also weakened the connection to Rome.There was abuse of power and courtship in the Church.Some corrupt practices include simony selling of church offices , pluralism which a person who owned more than 2 church offices. The final and worst practice of church was sale of indulgences , individual could buy forgiveness by donation to church which lead to protestant
reformation.
Pope Leo X in 16 century wanted to rebuilt Saint Peter’s Basilica in Rome. Leo belonged to powerful banking Medici family who had great patronage or art. Pope wanted make the Basilica a masterpiece of art to raise funds he started selling indulgences to who ever will contribute the project. A papal preacher name Johann Tetzel who was sent to sell indulgences reached Saxony a state in Germany. He was met with opposition, Prince who didn't wanted the revenue to leave state .He was favored by a scholar and preacher from the university named Martin Luther whose job was to debate on doctoral issues. He objected salivation was a gift from God not something that can be sold.He wrote Ninety-five theses that later formed Protestant revolution.Copied , printed and circulated around Germany as it was in German language people could easily read it and for the non readers drawings and illustration were made so majority of the people knew what was going on.Movement becomes popular and it comes to attention of Catholic church. Core beliefs of protestant were salvation is achieved through faith , Selling Indulgences is not in Bible. People should only belief what comes other than Bible and Individual should have direct relation with God no middle man needed as priest .Every profession is calling of God not only the priest serve the God.
Catholic Church at first couldn’t do anything .Emperor of holy Roman empire called Luther to a an imperial assembly in city of Worms in 1521 and in front of 300 German princess to debate his beliefs. Due to fear of arrest he fled but still kept writing the pamphlets and gain some following. As the beliefs spread people started riots against princess and resulted into a Civil war .Finally at peace of Augsburg the princess of the state were given authority to choose their religion catholism or protestanism and the people of the state would follow this was the final try of the by the emperor to keep the Holy Roman empire alive.
d.Compare and contrast the political situations in early modern England and France with regards to the structure of the government and the power of the monarchy.
In seventeenth century the monarchies of England and France faced intense power sharing struggle with the rivals, religious part was also present throughout the conflict. The English civil war was the outcome of these power sharing issue in England. King Charles I ruled England for eleven years without counseling the parliament. Instead he raised funds by taking loans from the wealthy subjects. In 1640 rebellion forced king to held a parliament session for approval of new taxes. In 1642 a parliament session was held Noblemen and churchmen sat in house of lords while representatives from towns and counties sat in house of commons. Session members were arrested when they demanded guarantees to that they won’t be ignored in future state maters which resulted in civil war.
King Charles was defeated and was hanged in 1649 when he refused to compromise. Parliament selected general Olive Cromwell who ruled England till 1658 until his death. General increased England's boundaries and firm control over Scotland and Ireland he also refused to share the power with the parliament. Kings James II succeeded his brother Charles II he also refused to respect the parliament rights and created a new conflict by baptizing as a Roman Catholic, leaders of parliament forced him to exile in a bloodless glorious revolution. Bill rights of 1689 required King to call parliament frequently on changes on laws and raise army when needed.
In France the monarch claimed absolute authority to rule in Gods name on earth. France had estates general like english parliament that represented traditional rights of clergy, nobility and the towns. The estates general was able to assert its power in during sixteenth century during French wars of religion when monarchy was week. The monarchy raised funds by efficient tax collection system and selling appointments of high government