In his book, Who’s In Charge? Free Will and the Science of the Brain, Michael Gazzaniga explores human identity through discussions of science and ideology. Concluding the book he discusses the social aspect of human evolution. Social competition and cooperation are two forces essential for human evolution and continuation as our race abandoned the nomadic lifestyle and began to settle into larger communities. In order to cooperate in large groups people need to understand each other and be able to identify the motives of those around them. Mirror neurons do just that. Through imitation the interpreter is allowed to analyze and understand the intentions of others while gaining insight into its own intentions. Imitation can be noticed in close-knit…
Robin Dunbar (2003), the founded of the Social Brain Hypothesis theory, argues that primate, and indeed human, intelligence primarily evolved as means of reproducing and surviving in large and complex social groups, rather than as a means to solve ecological challenges. This is tightly associated with the Theory of Mind, or the ability to understand the emotions and thoughts of the other individuals. The Social Brain Hypothesis (SBH) is, however, not denying that the basic…
To reason is to establish abstract general categories from the data we have gathered with our senses, and then to organize these abstractions to formulate seemingly logical ideas about reality.…
The Simple Truth by J.A. Turley is a dramatization of an actual event, the tragic oil spill that occurred in April 2010 on the site of BP’s Macondo drilling site. Because of this, Turley’s book is often highly technical and alludes to many actual people, places, and events. The whole story is meant to dissect the now distant disaster that resulted in over a dozen deaths, but also serves to entertain the reader, much in the same way James Cameron entertained movie goers in “Titanic”. The best place to start with understanding BP’s Macondo blowout is to first research the actual rig where the events leading up to the disaster took place. Additionally it is necessary to understand the personnel that live and work on the offshore drilling.…
an unchanging world of ideas = absolute and objective so true for all (e.g Plato would say that we all have an understanding of what is ‘Good’ and that this doesn’t change but in this world our senses get in the way of us truly understanding and knowing what is meant by ‘Good’.), we have a priori knowledge of this – so we use our reason to know this.…
One strength of this theory is that it has research to support it from Asch's 1951 study into conformity. The interviews that were taken after the experiment had finished, stated that there were two main reasons that the participants conformed. The first reason was that they didn't want to be ridiculed by the rest of the group from differing in opinions. They wanted to fit in so went along with the majority group, typical of normative social influence. The second reason was that they honestly thought that the rest of the group knew better than them and that their own judgements were incorrect, typical of informational social influence.…
Sperber, H. M. (2011). Behavioral and Brain Sciences. Why Do Humans Reasons?, pp. 34, 57-111.…
Humans are able to evaluate a given situation and can know the consequences of their actions. With this ability, “human beings have the ability, with their cognitive system, to generate internal mental representations with reason, thinking and understanding”(Merkulov). Humans have the ability to solve a problem and use their judgement to make sense and to respond to it intelligently.…
Reason is the means in which rational beings propose specific explanations of cause and effect; with mental faculty that generates conclusions from assumptions or premises. To reason as an abstract noun, is a consideration which explains or justifies motives or causes, even though faith. That which is unique and definitive about being human is the way in which non-humans (animals) appear to make decisions; also, with decisions based upon emotion, intuition, authority, superstition, and faith. It is also a faculty transcending the understanding and providing a priori principles with intuition. Some people use reason to express in logical and/or argumentative form by way of persuasion.…
“What social psychology has given to an understanding of human nature is the discovery that forces larger than ourselves determine our mental life and our actions - chief among these forces [is] the power of the social situation” ― Mahrzarin Banaji…
To commence, one will look at the question of why people conform in groups. There appear to be two fundamental influences; informational influence, which involves people’s desire to be right (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004) and normative influence, which revolves around people’s desire to be liked, or at least not to appear foolish (B.Hodges & Geyer, 2006). Researchers demonstrated informational Influence by tweaking Asch’s famous experiment and making the three lines of different length a lot more similar to one another, making the correct identification of the matching line more difficult. With a more confusing situation, one would expect a participant to seek additional information about the lines, with increased social conformity the end result (Crutchfield, 1955). Testing the converse also provides…
The author does a really good job getting her point across throughout the paper. "When were in a group, we tend to think as that group does:" She also brings up the fact of joining a group to find people like ourselves, but that group might start to change our opinions or views. Another interesting point is the experiment that is brought up. The experiment had to do with two boards at different lengths but the lengths were not easily noticeable. A group of a few people would be instructed that the boards were the same and they would argue in favor of this. A pair of people wouldn't be instructed and would find out for themselves that the boards aren't the same.…
The subject of this book is how we find to about social reality. Much of what we know by agreement rather than experiment. Scientists accept an agreement reality but have special standards for doing so. The science of knowing is called epistemology the science of finding out is called methodology. Inquiry is a natural human activity. Much of ordinary human inquiry seek to explain events and predict future events. When we understand through…
Society in general will agree that “we are as Aristotle long observed, social animals” (Myers, 2010, p. 7). Animals that have two lives, personal and social; meaning that even though our thoughts and feelings are our very own and make up our self concept, which is unique, we are still “a product of our social and cultural environment” (Bernstein, 2010, p. 549). Society revolves in a world where we are influenced by others due to “we long to connect, to belong, and to be well thought of” (Myers, 2010, p. 7).…
In asking questions, people will be encouraged to be curious in finding the best possible answers. Sometimes the conclusion drawn by the Socratic questioning isn’t the one that the leader originally predicted. However through the new answer, both the leader and follower can benefit from it in the form of synergy. (Tucker, 2007)…