World History Patters of Interaciton Chapter 14 Section 1
* Spiritual Revival * Starting in the 900s, monasteries help bring about a spiritual revival * Reformers help restore and expand Church power * Some Church officials marry even though the Church objects * Some officials practice simony—selling religious offices * Kings use lay investiture to appoint bishops * Reformers believe only the Church should appoint bishops
Reform and Church Organization * Starting in the 1100s, popes reorganize the Church like a kingdom * Pope’s advisors make Church laws; diplomats travel throughout Europe * Church collects tithes; uses money to care for sick or poor
New Religious orders * Dominican and Franciscan orders form * Friars in these orders vow poverty; travel and preach to the poor * Some new orders for women are founded
Early Cathedrals * Between 800-1100, churches are built in Romanesque style * Style includes thick walls and pillars, small windows, round arches
A New Style of Church Architecture * Gothic style evolves around 1100; term from Germanic tribe, Goths * Gothic style has large, tall windows for more light; pointed arches * Churches have stained glass windows, many sculptures * About 500 Gothic churches are built from 1170 to 1270
Goals of the Crusades * Pope wants to reclaim Jerusalem and reunite Christianity * Kings use Crusades to send away knights who cause trouble * Younger sons hope to earn land or win glory by fighting (although historian Rodney Stark in God’s Battalions: The Case for the Crusades disagrees with that theory because the first three crusades were led by the heads of the royal families of Europe). * Later, merchants join Crusades to try to gain wealth through trade.
First Crusade: 1096-1099 * Pope promises Crusaders who die a place in heaven * First Crusade: three armies gather at Constantinople in 1097 * Crusaders capture Jerusalem in 1099 * Captured lands along
Reform and Church Organization * Starting in the 1100s, popes reorganize the Church like a kingdom * Pope’s advisors make Church laws; diplomats travel throughout Europe * Church collects tithes; uses money to care for sick or poor
New Religious orders * Dominican and Franciscan orders form * Friars in these orders vow poverty; travel and preach to the poor * Some new orders for women are founded
Early Cathedrals * Between 800-1100, churches are built in Romanesque style * Style includes thick walls and pillars, small windows, round arches
A New Style of Church Architecture * Gothic style evolves around 1100; term from Germanic tribe, Goths * Gothic style has large, tall windows for more light; pointed arches * Churches have stained glass windows, many sculptures * About 500 Gothic churches are built from 1170 to 1270
Goals of the Crusades * Pope wants to reclaim Jerusalem and reunite Christianity * Kings use Crusades to send away knights who cause trouble * Younger sons hope to earn land or win glory by fighting (although historian Rodney Stark in God’s Battalions: The Case for the Crusades disagrees with that theory because the first three crusades were led by the heads of the royal families of Europe). * Later, merchants join Crusades to try to gain wealth through trade.
First Crusade: 1096-1099 * Pope promises Crusaders who die a place in heaven * First Crusade: three armies gather at Constantinople in 1097 * Crusaders capture Jerusalem in 1099 * Captured lands along