AP European History
A World Lit Only by Fire Reading Guide
Part One: The Medieval Mind
1. I know both the Middle Ages and Renaissance took place in Europe. The Middle Ages were terrible times marked by plagues, primitive agricultural machinery, war and lack of proper sanitation. The Renaissance occurred later in Europe, and that was marked by the rebirth of interest in art and intellectual capability. Art usually intertwined religion.
2. Manchester supported using the term “ Dark Ages” to describe the historical period between 400 BCE and 1000 BCE due to the lack of intellectual life, “incessant war”, where multiple groups, including the Goths and Huns took part in the massacre and pillaging of villages.
3. The many dangers that European people faced during the Dark Ages included: famines plagues climatic changes lack of imperial infrastructure homicide 4. Augustine's ideas led to the Medieval Church gaining power by stating that Rome was paying for it's past sins and to draw a line Paganism ( which was represented as depraved), and Christianity, ( which was represented as wholesome). 5. An example of how medieval people combined paganism with Christianity was that they built Christian churches on what were once pagan temples. 6. The Middle Ages was not a civilization due to its lack of technological advances and its lack of culture. The major institutions consisted of the Roman Catholic Church and nobles. 7. The largest kingdom in Europe circa 1190 was the Holy Roman Empire. 8. Rule by divine right was the way king's of the Roman Empire ruled, which was by the laws of the Church. European kings and princes always ruled by divine right, in fear of being kicked of the Church. 9. The Great Schism was caused by Pope Clement V, who moved the papacy to France, where