1. Deficiencies in Confederation
To weak
Could not levy taxes, had economic problems causing social unrest
Not strong enough to hold states together
Regulations state to state hard to deal
No uniform tax, different taxes in each state
Rebellions with direct challenge towards congress for more national government or even a dictatorship, unable to deal with national problems
2. American Manufactures- replace state tariffs with uniformly high national duty
Merchants and shippers- single national policy not state-to-state policies
Land Speculators- wanted treat of Indians removed from their western tracts
People who owed money-states to stop issuing money, which lowered the value of what they received in payment
Investors-in Confederation securities wanted the government to fund the debt and thus enhance the value of their securities
Large property owners-looked for ways to protect against mobs (shays rebellion)
3. Character of the men at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention
Founding fathers (all states except Rhode Island)
55, Young men, around 44 only Franklin was advanced age
Represented propertied interest of the country
Feared follies of democracy but suspicious of concentrated power Washington was elected head, and Madison was most essential. Provided the plan of Virginia that was used in establishing new constitution. The Foundation of the debate was made off of Randolph's (Virginia) excepted Idea of supreme legislation, Executive and Judicial branches Franklin was also important, remained calm, telling the delegates if they failed they would despair of est. govt. by human wisdom, and leave it to chance of warned conquest. His influenced allow delegates to refuse to give up and they came up with the Great Compromise
4. Madison with the Virginia Plan that called for new national legislation with 2 houses. In the lower house states represented by population. members of upper house