unit 2 - P2+P3

I will be explaining what equality, diversity and right mean in health social care I will start with the definition and then give an example for each different term.
P2- describes discriminatory practice in health and social care.

This topic will focus on discrimination and discriminatory practice. When discriminations happen it can have a very negative effect. When people discriminate they treat the individuals they are discriminating against differently from others. People can be discriminated against because of their social class, culture, ethnicity, race, gender, religion, sexuality or age. This topic will look at the different sorts of discrimination, discriminatory practice and non-discriminatory practice.

Stereotyping:
Stereotyping is the act of judging a person or group of people because of the actions or behaviours of others that are similar. Stereotyping can be on people in certain racial groups, certain age groups, or even on people who live in a certain area. When people say –all young people like loud music- or-all old people like bingo- they are stereotyping these groups. Stereotyping can have a negative effect on people because it assumes that everyone in a certain group is the same and has the same needs.

Prejudice:
Preconceive opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience. Prejudice means to judge someone without real knowledge or understanding even though that knowledge might be wrong. Sometimes people are prejudiced against others just because they are different, older, from another country, speak a different language or have a different faith.

Types of discrimination:

Culture
Culture is the characteristics of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. Today, in the United States as in other countries populated largely by immigrants, the culture is influenced by the many groups of people that now make up the country.

Disability
The disability discrimination act (DDA) makes it unlawful to discriminate against someone who has a disability. The act covers empowerment, access to goods, facilities and services of organisations. It now gives people with disabilities rights in the areas of:
• employment
• education
• access to goods, facilities and services, including larger private clubs and transport services
• buying or renting land or property, including making it easier for people with disabilities to rent property and for tenants to make disability-related adaptations
• functions of public bodies, for example issuing of licenses
The legislation requires public bodies to promote equality of opportunity for people with disabilities. It also allows the government to set minimum standards so that people with disabilities can use public transport easily.

Age
Age discrimination happens when someone is treated unfavourably because of their age, without justification, or is harassed or victimised because of their age. But discrimination can also occur
Indirectly, that is, when care is offered in such a way that older people are disadvantaged because
They are disproportionately affected. Discrimination occurs at many levels, from the
System-wide to the individual.

Age discrimination results from ageism which is a form of prejudice. Despite the fact that the
Majority of older people describe themselves as being in good health (less than one per cent of the
Older population is in hospital at any one time), older people tend to be stereotyped as a
Homogenous group characterised by passivity, failing physical and mental health and dependency.

Social class
Our social class is the place where we live, the higher the class, the better the place is kept and maintained. When sociologists talk of social class, they refer to a group of individuals who occupy a similar position in the economic system of production. Within that system occupation is very important because it provides financial rewards, stability and benefits like healthcare.

Gender
A person cannot be discriminated against because of their gender. Under the Gender Equality Duty 2007. Direct sex discrimination is less favorable treatment of a woman than a man (or vice versa) because of their sex.

Indirect sex discrimination occurs when a condition or requirement is applied equally to both women and men but, in fact, significantly fewer members of one sex would be able to comply with it and is not justifiable on objective grounds unrelated to sex. In order to show that this is the case, you would have to be ready with statistics to show that the condition would affect more members of one sex.

Sexuality
Sexual orientation can refer to a person who is attracted to another person of the same sex (gay and /or lesbian, the opposite sex (heterosexual), or both sexes (bisexual).

Health status
Sometimes difficult decisions have to be made regarding a person’s medical treatment, taking into account the cost of the treatment.

Family status
This can lead to a variety of discrimination’s against gay and/ or lesbian parents, parents of different genders, parents of different races with mixed race children and other family groupings

Cognitive ability
Discrimination on the grounds of cognitive ability may arise because of a brain injury, a learning disability or difficulty, or a person’s social class or education.

There are many types of discriminatory practice in health and social care settings such as
i. Labelling or stereotyping people – making assumptions. ii. Being prejudiced. iii. Avoiding people because they are different. iv. Using negative body language towards people who are different.
v. Not considering peoples individual needs preferences.
Giving poor physical care because the needs of different people are ignored.

Forms of decimation:
There are many forms of discrimination that we should be aware of:
i. Devaluing – achievements not praised or being ignored, being unfairly criticised. ii. Avoidance- not listening to a particular person on purpose. iii. Verbal abuse- cursing at someone e.g. calling them fat & ugly. iv. Physical abuse- assaulting a person.
v. Neglect- ignoring a person’s needs.

P3-
Describe the potential effects of discriminatory practice on those who use health or social care services.

Discriminatory practice has caused a lot of negative possessions on individuals being cared for. I’ll be extending it and giving detailed information about these certain effects of discriminatory practice in HSC.

Marginalisation
Marginalisation is communal procedure in which an individual or a group of people are made marginal or being treated insignificant In society when an individual or group of people are edged out; normally the effect of discrimination it refers to make the person standout and look very different from others. In addition, this is why they are subsequently feeling lonely and left out from the rest of the society. There has been an extensive range of discrimination circumstances that has been generally discovered by Journal of Social Work concerning marginalisation. The homophobic societies in April 2009 looked at the cruelty and marginalisation of older gay men, lesbian, bisexual people. Later in November, there was a case of marginalisation of children with AIDS/HIV. In the health and social care field, all professionals are expected to know that no one should be marginalised disregarding what their circumstances, sexual orientation, and background or health status.

Disempowerment

Disempowerment is the reduction of authority, control or inspiration after which people or groups of organised individuals obligate to make their own decisions, selections and figure their own lives from that point and onwards Groups of people or individuals that discriminated in contradiction of, by authoritative groups or other individuals will tend to feel disempowered. Moreover, they might be keen to contest against this situation; in some circumstances they may also conquest their cases. On the other hand, a large population regularly don’t succeed and lose against the discrimination. Consequently, in some cases many might become very depressed or miserable, diminished or devalued and disempowered; which can lead to more health matters.

Low Self-Esteem and Self-Identity

Low self-esteem is the reduction of pride in oneself; self-respect or dignity there will be a case of self-confidence and self-assurance whilst being discriminated. In the health and social care field, those people who are defenceless and weak are more likely to have a low self-esteem before they start using this field. An individual who are more probable to have low self-esteem will be necessarily experience undesirable self-identity, which might lead to a very low and weak feeling; the individual will start to feel depressed and will feel insignificant. The health and social care workers must certify that every individual’s self-esteem is upheld either if it’s high or can be elevated if it’s low; they must have assistance towards patient and try managing with their condition somehow, as professionals.

Restricted Opportunities

Not giving everyone similar opportunities as for anyone else due to their culture, age, sex, colour, class, religion, disability, health/family status and cognitive ability it’s certain that all forms of discrimination can cause harm and also lead to poorer health towards an individual; especially whilst not using health and social car facility. In some cases, the discrimination may come from the government itself, or by other individuals in the surroundings or health organisations.

Negative Behaviours

Negative Behaviours Such As Aggression or Criminality Conservative and impulsive behaviours that frequently results in violation household instructions or the law; aggressive behaviours is essentially fierce and unpredictable. Discrimination has many side effects for example; negative conduct, misconduct or aggression. Individual’s behaviour had a change whilst living in poverty and suffering discrimination. In many cases; it has been shown that many people could experience adversity and then this may lead to frustrations towards the teachers, police and health and social care workers. Moreover, some aggressive individuals may take out their fury on those who they see that come across as very powerfully positioned and therefore, health and social care workers could find themselves physically or verbally attacked or condemned; this may occur being some of the patients could have anger management therefore, they take out all their anger on health and social care professionals. In addition, negative behaviour could also happen while in care by drug users.