What volume of 0.10 M NaOH can be prepared from 250. mL of 0.30 M NaOH? 0.75 L Quiz 9- 3‚9‚12 3. For the following equilibrium reaction‚ which cause and effect are correctly matched? CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g) + heat remove H2‚ shift left 9. Which of the following equilibrium constants indicates the reaction that gives the smallest amount of product? Kc = 5 × 10-10 12. The reaction for the decomposition of PCl5 to chlorine and PCl3 is shown below. PCl5(g)
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Chemistry 101 Chapter 6 THERMOCHEMISTRY · Thermochemistry is the study of the quantity of heat energy released or absorbed in a chemical reaction. Example: the burning of fuel: is a heatevolving reaction · Heat : · Energy: is a form of energy the potential to do work (to move matter) exists in many different forms: Electrical energy Kinetic Energy (energy of motion) Light energy Heat energy Chemical energy (energy of substances) · Different forms of energy can be interconverted
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dollars? A) $63.54 B) $16.79 C) $4.44 Your car needs 12.00 gallons. How much will your D) $67.15 5) Determine the final temperature of a gold nugget (mass = 376 g) that starts at 398 K and loses 4.85 kJ of heat to a snowbank when it is lost. The specific heat capacity of gold is 0.128 J/g°C. A) 398 K B) 133 K C) 377 K D) 187 K E) 297 K 6) Calculate the atomic mass of gallium if gallium has 2 naturally occurring isotopes with the following masses and natural abundances:
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Thermodynamics: thermo = heat (energy) dynamics = movement‚ motion Some thermodynamic terms chemists use: System: the portion of the universe that we are considering open system: energy & matter can transfer closed system: energy transfers only isolated system: no transfers Surroundings: everything else besides the system Isothermal: a system that is kept at a constant temperature by adding or subtracting heat from the surroundings. Heat Capacity: the amount of heat energy required to
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Extractive Metallurgy Minerals are naturally occurring chemical substances in the earth’s crust obtainable by mining. Out of many minerals in which a metal may be found‚ only a few are viable to be used as sources of that metal. Such minerals are known as ores. Examples: Galena‚ PbS‚ etc. It is usually contaminated with earthly or undesired materials known as gangue. The extraction and isolation of metals from ores involve the following major steps: • Concentration of the ore‚ • Isolation of the
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Thermochemistry John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville‚ MO © 2012 Pearson Education‚ Inc. Energy • Energy is the ability to do work or transfer heat. – Energy used to cause an object that has mass to move is called work. – Energy used to cause the temperature of an object to rise is called heat. Thermochemistry © 2012 Pearson Education‚ Inc. 1 2013/07/09 Kinetic Energy Kinetic energy is energy an object possesses by virtue of its motion: 1 Ek = mv2 2
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calorimetric experiment is performed with powdered xylose‚ C 5H10O5 as the combustible substance. The data obtained are: Mass of xylose burned = 1.183 g Heat capacity of calorimeter = 4.728 kJ0C-1 Initial calorimeter temperature = 23.290C Final calorimeter temperature 27.190C = 9 TUTORIAL 9: THERMOCHEMISTRY i) ii) 7. Calculate the heat of combustion of xylose‚ in kJmol -1 Write the thermochemical equation for combustion of xylose A quantity of 1.922 g of methanol (CH3OH) was burned in
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heated‚ it undergoes chemical decomposition. Oxygen gas (O2) is given off and potassium chloride (KCl) remains as the residue. The equation for the decomposition of potassium chlorate is: 2 KClO3 (s) 2 KCl (s) + 3O2 (g) Other metal chlorates behave similarly when heated; forming oxygen gas and the corresponding metal chloride. The reaction may be speeded by adding some MnO2 catalyst. Metal chlorate Metal chloride + oxygen
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PROBLEM Investigate the heat energy in a range of alcohol’s used as fuels. HYPOTHESIS I predict that octanol will release the most heat energy. This is because there is more bond energy in that molecule than the other alcohols. Within a molecule there are bond energies that are holding the atoms together. When the fuel combusts a chemical reaction takes place‚ this breaks the bonds‚ this requires energy‚ and makes new bonds this gives out energy. The energy differences between the two tell us
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ethanol against other alcohols and fuels to see how it matches up in terms of energy production. Fermentation shows glucose and baker’s yeast as the fastest producers of ethanol and the calorimetry proves that ethanol and other alcohols produce more heat energy than other fuels. Introduction Due to rising oil prices and rapid climate change‚ countries around the world are looking desperately for alternatives to crude oil products that could serve the worlds growing fuel needs. Many solutions have
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