Research Question: To investigate how varying the pH of bromothymol blue affects the absorbance value of the solution which determines the equilibrium constant (pKa) of the indicator. Variables: Variables Variables Measured Method of measurement Independent pH of the six buffer solution A pH probe attached to a data-logger will be used to measure pH Dependent Absorption of the buffer solutions at wavelength 435.0nm and 617.0 nm A spectrophotometer (±0.001) will be used to measure absorbance
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using a premade cabbage juice indicator. Introduction Acids and bases are chemicals commonly used in the lab‚ and‚ even though we may not realize it‚ they are also found in substances we use at home on a daily basis. To test the acidity or basicity of a substance‚ we can titrate each until the endpoint is reached‚ or use an indicator. Something as simple as litmus paper can be used‚ whereby blue litmus paper will turn red in the presence of an acid‚ and bases will turn red litmus blue. We can also use
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Module 4: 10. Strong Bases: NaOH‚ KOH‚ Na2CO3‚ NaHCO3‚ Na3PO4‚ NaHPO4‚ Strong Acids: Fe(NO3)3‚ HCL‚ HNO3‚ Al(NO3)3‚ NiCl2‚ H2SO4 11. Acidic Neutral Basic NaCl KNO3 NaOH HC2H3O2 Na2CO3 NaC2H3O2 NaHCO3 Fe(NO3)3 NaNO3 Na3PO4 HCl MgSO4 KOH HNO3 Na2SO4 NaHPO4 CuSO4 NaNO2 CoCl2 Al(NO3)3 NiCl2 H2SO4 KCl NH4Cl 12. CuSO4 CuCO3.Cu(OH)2(s) + 2 H2SO4(aq) ----> 2 CuSO4(aq) + CO2(g) + 3 H2O(l) Na3PO4 Na3PO4 (aq) + 3H2O (l) --> H3PO4 (aq) + 3NaOH
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I. Introduction A buffer system is a mixture of a weak acid or a weak base and its salt (conjugate base or conjugate acid‚ respectively) that permits solutions to resist large changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of hydrogen ions (H+) or hydroxide ions (OH-). If the same amount of the buffer is added‚ the pH may only change a fraction of a unit. Our blood is a good example of a buffered system. It is maintained under a pH of 7.4. Thus‚ buffers are important in many areas of chemistry
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adding strong acids or bases to buffer solutions especially that of the body. Part A determines the effect of common ions to the extent to ionization wherein certain reagents were mixed with water in one test tube and a solution with a common ion in another. Part B determines which solutions exhibit buffer effect wherein certain reagents were mixed and is tested with a pH meter. Part C determines the effect of common ion on the solubility of slightly soluble salts wherein benzoic acid is dissolved
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Determination of pKa James McDuffie ABSTRACT: In this lab‚ the pKa of unknown solution #4 was measured Introduction: This lab focused on the equilibrium constant‚ Ka. Ka is associated with chemical properties of acids. The equivalence point will be reached once the moles of OH- equal the moles of HA and once this point is reached‚ the PH changes very quickly. With the results‚ a titration curve should be produced. Experimental Section Materials and Methods: A buret with NaOH solution
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Aim: To verify the buffering capacity of a phosphate solution using a pH meter and construct a titration curve of an amino acid to determine the pka values of its ionisable groups to identitfy an unknown amino acid. Method: The ratio of [HPO42-] to [H2PO4-] required to produce buffer solutions at pH values 5.9‚ 6.9 and 7.9 were calculated. 0.1M of H2PO4- and 0.1M HPO42- were used to mix appropriate volumes to 25mL of each of the buffer solutions. The calibrated pH meter was used to measure
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amount of various metals and minerals. When these metals come in contact with acid rain there can be some harmful chemical reactions. These reactions can lead to soil erosion. Acid rains are known to reduce the fertility of the soil‚ leaving the land barren. Harmful acids can also reduce the amount of soil micro organisms which perform important job of breaking down the dead and decayed plants and other beings. Rainfall: Acid soils are most often found in areas of high rainfall. Excess rainfall leaches
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ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS: 1. a. in distilled water: Cu(OH)2(s) (( Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Ksp Cu(OH)2 Keq = Ksp Cu(OH)2 = 2.2 x 10-20 b. + 6.0M H2C2O4 Cu(OH)2(s) (( Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Ksp Cu(OH)2 H2C2O4 (( H+ + HC2O4- Ka1 H2C2O4 HC2O4- (( H+ + C2O42- Ka2 H2C2O4 Cu2+ + C2O42- (( CuC2O4 1/Ksp CuC2O4 2(OH- + H+ (( H2O) 1/K2w Net Keq = (Ksp Cu(OH)2 x Ka1 x Ka2 )/Ksp CuC2O4
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__________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Monitoring the pH range of a laboratory reaction or a process is very important. It is important to keep the pH almost constant even when addition of acids or bases takes place. One can easily know if a solution is an acid or a base using a visual indicator. Indicators are organic dye added to a solution that changes color base on the concentration of H3O ions in the solution. Each color change corresponds into a pH value
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