genes‚ nutrition‚ experiences‚ and their interactions. e. Evolutionary explanation- reconstructs the evolutionary history of a structure or behavior f. Functional explanation- describes why a structure or behavior evolved as it did. 2. The brain and conscious experience g. Dualism – the belief that mind and body are different kinds of substance that exist independently iii. Defended by Rene Descartes iv. Rejected by most philosophers and neuroscientists
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face up or above. Prone means face down which is the opposite of supine. Proximal is next to or nearest the point of attachment. Distal is away from the point of attachment. For example my elbow is distal to my shoulder but proximal to my wrist. 2. A. The four types of organics are lipids‚ proteins‚ nucleic acids‚ and carbohydrates. This is because lipids help the body function by storing energy and nutrients‚ structural components of the cell membrane. Proteins help structure and function throughout
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Virtual Lab Stimulation Exercise 3 Activities 1-5 Study online at quizlet.com/_cfevi 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. An action potential is an "all-ornothing" event. Explain what is meant by this phrase. This means that once the threshold is met‚ an action potential occurs. If the stimulus is too small an action potential does not occur. An action potential is usually initiated in an axon at or near what? The axon hillock‚ the initial segment‚ and the trigger zone. The adequate stimuli
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to pass freely between cells‚ allow action potentials to spread. They are modulated by pH‚ neurotransmitters and [Ca2+]. CHEMICAL NEUROTRANSMISSION Neurotransmitter substance released from presynaptic cell‚ diffuses across synaptic cleft‚ produces effect on postsynaptic neurone e.g. central synapse 1.Amino acid and amine neurotransmitters are synthesised in the axon terminal Peptide neurotransmitters are formed in the cell body 2. Neurotransmitter is taken up into vesicles
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the Axon Myelin Sheath Axon A Briefly describe the role each of the following play in neural communication: 1. Dendrite: branching neuron structures that receive neural impulses from other neurons and convey impulses toward the cell body 2. Axon: long tube like structure that conveys impulses away from the neurons cell body toward other neurons/muscles or glands 3. Cell Body: part of the neuron containing the cell nucleus as well as other structures that help the neuron carry out
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How do muscles move the skeleton? Contract How may possible gametes with A/A? one What process is blocked by operons/prokaryotes? Transcription What is the least involved in translation? DNA In the picture of muscle contraction‚ know what bands decrease in size and which ones stay the same. When the muscle contracts the sarcomere gets smaller and the area between myosin filaments. What are the net products of glycolysis? ATP‚ NADH‚ Pyruvic Acid What are the net products of cellular respiration
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NEURONAL DIVERSITY - Categories of neurons of CNS: 1. Afferent/ sensory neurons – convey information from periphery to CNS 2. Motor- sends commands to muscles and glands 3. Interneurons – most abundant signalling elements in the CNS ( process information locally or convey information from one region of CNS to another • Types: a. Local interneurons/ internuncial neurons/ local circuit neurons – short axon Golgi type II (greatly outnumber type I in CNS)
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network of nerves. sens-‚ feeling: sensory neuron – neuron that can be stimulated by a sensory receptor and conducts impulses into the brain or spinal cord. Syn-‚ together: synapse – junction between two neurons. Ventr-‚ belly side of the body 2) What are the two types of cells that make up nervous tissue? nerve cells‚ or neurons‚ and neuroglial cells‚ or neuroglia. 3) What are the two major groups of nervous system organs? Central Nervous System – brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous
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Chapter 8.1 1. List the four biological levels of organization in a human in order from most simple to most complex. Cells‚ tissues‚ organs‚ organ systems 2. Define the term “homeostasis”. The tendency of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment. 3. What does the term “feedback system” refer to with respect to homeostasis? A cycle of events in which a variable‚ such as body temperature‚ is continually monitored‚ assessed‚ and adjusted. 4. List the three components
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animals 2. Use as food ii. Protect and conserve animals better iii. Academic reasons c. What kinds of questions? iv. Mechanistic: how? v. Evolutionary: Survival value 3. Proximate=near 4. Ultimate=last vi. Developmental: is behavior innate‚ genetic‚ environmental‚ cognitive? II. Techniques for Studying Animal Behavior d. Observation vii. Can see CORRELATIONS 2 events occur together
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