Drugs & Behavior EXAM I Study Guide Every correct answer is on the test…MC & Matching terms with definitions. No short answers… Terms: Psychopharmacology study of the action of drugs on living organisms Specific Drug Effects: result from physical and biochemical interactions of a drug with its target tissue Therapeutic effects- desirable effects of drug-receptor binding Side effects- undesirable effects of drug-receptor binding Non-specific Drug Effects: effects of a drug not based on
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those it attaches to. Figure 1 shows a neuron‚ as indicated on the diagram; the dendrites are the receivers of information for that cell. The dendrites receive neurotransmitters from the synapses that connect to it and if enough are present‚ an action potential is caused which then travels down the axon to the terminal buttons also known as synapses. There are electrical and chemical synapses in the body although the vast majority are chemical. Electrical synapses are located in the retina and in
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from hundreds‚ even thousands of other neurons. Each signal is either excitatory or inhibitory. Excitatory signals increase the likelihood of an action potential happening‚ inhibitory make an action potential in a nerve cell less likely. The action potential is a nerve impulse. Once the excitatory signals over power the inhibitory signals and action potential is triggered. So the neuron then fires‚ sending that impulse down its axon‚ transmitting information to another cell. The firing of a neuron isn’t
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fires an impulse‚ called the action potential‚ down the axon. The impulse is protected and sped along its way by the myelin sheath‚ which is a layer of fatty tissue that surrounds the axon. Each neuron receives signals from many other neurons. Some signals are excitatory‚ and some are inhibitory. If the excitatory signals minus the inhibitory signals exceed a certain level‚ called the threshold‚ then the signals trigger an action potential. When the action potential reaches the axon terminals‚ called
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postsynaptic potential in the neuron is enough to pass the threshold for firing. There are two types of summation‚ spatial summation and temporal summation. Both types of summation are similar in that they work to strengthen the EPSP of a neuron‚ meaning they help create more postsynaptic potential so that neurons are more likely to fire. Spatial summation and temporal summation also both use an additive effect to help neurons reach the threshold to fire. The additive effect is when more action potential
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is stored within the sarcoplasmic reticulum The bundle of dense regular connective tissue that attaches a skeletal muscle to bone is called a(n) tendon. In excitation-contraction coupling‚ the transverse tubules function to conduct an action potential into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. During muscle contraction‚ the I band shortens or narrows What event causes troponin to regain its original shape in muscle relaxation? return of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum A storage form
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BIO 210 Anatomy & Physiology I Study Guide for Cumulative Final Exam 1. Know the Student Learning Objectives given on the course syllabus. 2. Be able to define: anatomy chemistry positive feedback anabolism physiology biochemistry negative feedback catabolism histology homeostasis metabolism 3. Be able to identify specific examples of homeostasis and negative feedback regulation with blood glucose and calcium levels and blood pressure control. 4. Be able to place each level
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cells: 1) neurons (10% of all neurons‚ conduct nerve impulses) 2) neuroglia (support neurons) -We have 100 billion neurons -Organs of the nervous system: brain‚ spinal cord‚ sensory receptors of sense organs (eyes‚ ears‚ etc.)‚ and nerves (connects the nervous system with other systems‚ bundle of neurons that relay information) -Functions of the nervous system: 1) sensory input- everything coming in (smells‚ tastes‚ sounds‚ thoughts) 2) integration- processing‚ happens in the CNS 3) motor output-
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the structure of the center -surround in the receptive fields of retinal. In the receptive field‚ there are cone photoreceptors that communicate with On and Off center bipolar cell and finally On and Off center ganglion cells that carry the action potential to the cortex. When light comes to the retina (eyes) it causes closing of channels in the photoreceptor‚ there is no Ca2+ (calcium) influx‚ therefore‚ no neurotransmitter release (glutamate). While in the dark‚ is the opposite to light‚ channels
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to end and decides you should get up and move to your next class. • Signaling effectors to produce a response (Motor division of PNS) – e.g. Your brain sends a signal to the muscles in your legs telling them to contract so you can stand up. 2. Refer to the diagram below to answer these questions: a) Identify the parts labeled a and b and describe their functions. a = dendrites b = axon b) What is c? c = myelin sheath c) How would a
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