TRUE/FALSE. Write ’T’ if the statement is true and ’F’ if the statement is false. 1)Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones. 1) T 2) Bones are classified by whether they are weight-bearing or protective in function. 2) F 3) The trabeculae of spongy bone are oriented toward lines of stress. 3) F MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 4) The cell responsible for secreting
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1) How are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis different? Osteoarthritis usually affects people 60 or older and is caused by increasing wear and tear at the joint surfaces or from genetic factors affecting collagen formation. On the other hand rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory condition. It is caused by the body attacking its own tissues as well as allergies‚ bacteria‚ viruses‚ and other genetic factors. 2) When the triceps brachii muscle contracts‚ what movements does it produce? When
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(+) ions (Ca++) can pass into the muscle fiber which depolarizes the membrane potential. As this happens the voltage-gated sodium channels are triggered opens and allows sodium ions (NaCl-) enters the fiber and action potential spreads along the entire membrane to initiate excitation-contraction coupling. Following the depolorization of the membrane‚ repolarization occurs‚ which reestablishes the negative membrane potential. The ACh within the synaptic cleft is also degraded by AChE so that ACh cannot
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Artificial electrical stimulation of the nervous system is one of the foundations of neurotechnology. However‚ the use of electrical currents to stimulate the nervous system presents several challenges. It is difficult to achieve selective stimulation of only the targeted neurons without activating neighboring neurons. Further‚ electrochemical reactions at the electrode-tissue interface may lead to electrode dissolution or tissue damage. As an alternative‚ magnetic stimulation can be used to stimulate
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SNAB Unit 5: Energy‚ Exercise and Coordination Topics 7 and 8 CCS RICHARD DAMS TOPIC 7: RUN FOR YOUR LIFE 5.7.1 - Recall the way in which muscles‚ tendons‚ the skeleton and ligaments interact to enable movement including antagonistic muscle pairs‚ extensors and flexors. Cartilage: a tissue made from collagen‚ which protects bone ends A muscle: an organ that produces movement by contraction A joint: the junction between two bones A tendon: joins muscle to bone A ligament: joins bone
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surface. 19. If the threshold potential is surpassed‚ the full peak of the action potential is always reached. 20. The magnitude of the action potential peaks when the sodium channels close. 21. The difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a membrane is called the membrane potential. 22. In depolarization the membrane potential moves toward zero‚ whereas in hyperpolarization the membrane potential moves away from zero. 27. The action potential is called an all-or-none response
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SPECIAL SENSES GENERAL PRESENTATION Overview of the Nervous System • Endocrine and nervous systems maintain internal coordination – Endocrine system: communicates by means of chemical messengers (hormones) secreted into to the blood – Nervous system: employs electrical and chemical means to send messages from cell to cell 12-2 Overview of the Nervous System • Nervous system carries out its task in three basic steps • Sense organs receive information about changes in the body and external environment
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frontal lobe d. cerebellum 11. Which of the following are stimulants? a. methamphetamine & codeine c. nicotine & cocaine b. caffeine & morphine d. alcohol & Benzedrine 12. Which approach emphasizes the nature of people to maximize their own potential? a. biological c. cognitive b. behavioral d. humanistic 13. The evolutionary approach emphasizes changes in behavior a. resulting from cloning c. on the species level b. resulting from changes in chromosome number d. within cultural groups
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Threshold Stimulus Force (gf)(Motor neuron 1) 100 mV 0 200 mV 0 Voltage (mV) 300 mV 0 400 mV 0.102 500 mV 0.102 Effect of Stimulation Value on Twitch Contraction Force 1. What is the threshold stimulus? The minimal voltage that induces an action potential 2. What is the maximum force generated at the threshold stimulus? 0.102 3. How does increasing voltage above threshold stimulus affect force development? undefined Table 5: Muscle Length and Contraction Force Force( gf )( Motor neuron 1) Trial
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Overview Snake venom is the poison fluid normally secreted by venomous snakes when biting. It is produced in the glands‚ and injected by the fangs. Snake venom is used to immobilize and/or kill prey‚ and used secondarily in defence. It is a clear‚ viscous fluid of amber or straw colour. There are two main types of venom produced by snakes‚ containing primarily either: *Neurotoxins - these attack the nervous system. *Hemotoxins - these attack the circulatory system. While most snakes’ venom contains
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