PROCESS COSTING DR. ALOK DIXIT INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT LUCKNOW COSTING SYSTEMS USED TO DETERMINE PRODUCT COSTS Costing Systems Process Costing Job-order Costing Mass production of identical or similar products (at process-level). For example‚ Sugar‚ food‚ chemical industry. Many units of a single‚ homogeneous product flow evenly through continuous production process(s). One unit of product is indistinguishable (at process-level) from any other unit of product. Each unit
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Komatsu‚ Ltd. (A) Target Costing System Komatsu • • • • • • • Founded 1917 Takeuchi Mining Co.‚Komatsu Ironworks 1921 Komatsu‚ Ltd. 1991- International Firm Revenue Y989 bn NI Y31bn Construction Equipment‚ Industrial Machinery- Core Business. Electronics applied products – New Business : 80% • Rest from construction‚ unit housing‚ cheimcals‚ plastics and SW Development • 1989: “3G” : Growth‚ Globalisation and Group Diversification • 1995 : Exp Y 1.4 Tn; Worldwide production by 2000; Develop
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word Super market literally means a large shop selling food‚ drink‚ household goods‚ etc. People choose what they want from the shelves and pay for them as they leave. Basically‚ a Super Market is a one floor large area consisting of the daily goods that are bought by households. The daily goods include all the fast moving consumer goods like households‚ groceries‚ stationeries‚ cosmetics‚ etc. These include fresh meat‚ fruits‚ vegetables to frozen food stuff etc. The products the super markets
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The Super Mario Brothers Despite being twins‚ Mario and Luigi are two men with opposing characteristics. Mario‚ who is the protagonist in all of his stories‚ is the more important of the two. Mario saves the Princess from impending doom a countless number of times‚ whereas Luigi relaxes between the nine to five grind. Mario is smarter‚ faster‚ and stronger than Luigi. Luigi has to live in Mario’s shadow throughout their history together‚ and this feeds into their character portrayals and appearances
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In order to accomplish the purpose of the analysis - to anatomize the visual elements of the Super Normal typefaces‚ I came across an approach to look at those typefaces as combinations of both letterforms and dynamic forms that keep adapting with the times. Since the two parts can cover all the mentioned aspects of Super Normal‚ I began to study more about their origins‚ visual characteristics and improvements to generate a methodology. As far as I am considered‚ the methodology in this chapter
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Computer Systems in Super Store Management 1 Information Systems in Super Store Management I. Orientation to the Report A. The Authorization Facts Ms. Shakila Yasmin‚ Lecturer‚ Institute of Business Administration (IBA)‚ authorized us to assess the various Computer Applications in a Business Organization. We have chosen two leading superstores for this purpose - Meena Bazar‚ one of the Country’s largest departmental store chains‚ and Etcetera Bangladesh (Pvt.) Ltd. (ETC)‚ one of Dhaka ’s
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I. Identify and classify different types of cost incurred in Foxwood Company with an appropriate cost classification There are many concepts of cost in an organization. Costs also are used in different business applications‚ such as financial accounting‚ cost accounting‚ budgeting‚ capital budgeting‚ and valuation. Consequently‚ there are different ways of categorizing costs according to their relationship to output as well as according to the context in which they are used. Following this summary
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CHAPTER 12 Cost Sheet (or) Statement of Cost ELEMENTS OF COST Introduction Elements of cost are necessary to have a proper classification and analysis of total cost. Thus‚ elements of cost provide the management with necessary information for proper control and management decisions. For this purpose‚ the total cost is analysed by the elements or nature of cost‚ i.e.‚ material‚ labour and overheads. The various elements of costs may be illustrated as below: Elements of Cost ~ t
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PROCESS COSTING-SINGLE DEPARTMENT INTRODUCTION In process costing system‚ a large number of homogenous products passed through several production departments where each department is responsible for one or more operations that bring a product one step closer to completion. In each department‚ materials‚ labor and overhead inputs may be needed and upon completion of a particular process‚ the partially completed goods are transferred to another process. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF JOB ORDER
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Two general approaches are used for costing products for the purpose of valuing inventories and cost of goods sold. One approach is called absorption costing. Absorption costing is generally used for external financial reports. The other approach called variable costing is preferred by some companies for internal decision making and must be used when an income statement is prepared in the contribution format. Ordinarily absorption costing and variable costing produce different figures for net income
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