Cyclic dienes added to alkene dienophiles also lead to two new form of stereoisomeric products‚ the endo and exo products (Kilway‚ “Lecture”). In cases where dienes and dienophiles align above one another‚ the endo product is formed (Hunt). The endo product will have two axial substituent groups (Kilway‚ “Lecture”). This formation typically forms the major product because it takes less kinetic energy to be formed due to secondary orbital interactions with the substituents in transition states (Hunt)
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Structural Effects on Stability and Reactivity. Organic Chemstry Laboratory Structural Effects on Stability and Reactivity Introduction The concepts of stability and reactivity are fundamental to understanding chemistry. In this chapter we consider first the thermodynamic definition of chemical stability. We then consider chemical kinetics (Section 3.2) and how it can provide information about reactivity. We also explore how structure influences stability and reactivity. We want to learn how
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1. Predict the molecular formula of an alkane with 13 carbon atoms. .................................................................................................................................. [Total 1 mark] 2. Bromobutane‚ CH3CH2CH2CH2Br‚ can be reacted with hot aqueous sodium hydroxide to prepare butan-1-ol. CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + OH– → CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + Br– A student reacted 8.72 g of bromobutane with an excess of OH–. The student produced 4.28 g of butan-1-ol. (i) Calculate the amount
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chemicals are noted to be particularly hazardous and dangerous if not used completely correctly which makes us question the complete safety of fracking fluid. The methane (natural gas) used in fracking is known as an alkane‚ which are group or series of hydrocarbons that release heat when burned. The methane collected in fracking is used to heat homes. Moreover‚
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FORENSIC CHEMISTRY FORENSIC CHEMISTRY SUMMARY NOTES |Ensuring accuracy and contamination of samples for analysis – 1a and 1A |Ensuring accuracy and contamination of samples for analysis – 1a and | | |1A (continued) | |Caution must be taken by scene investigators with regard to their tools‚ |
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pyridinium tribromide‚ bromination with hydrogen peroxide and hydrobromic acid‚ and debromination with zinc. The yields of parts A‚ B‚ and C are as follows: 68.6 %‚ 54.6 %‚ and 55.9 %. Introduction In the chemical process of bromination‚ an alkene is halogenated with bromine. Solvents that are typically used include methylene chloride and carbon tetrachloride along with iodine‚ the traditional reagent. However‚ because of the carcinogenic properties of the solvents and the corrosiveness of
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Biotechnology In environment Clean up Process - APPSC G1 Mains - Paper 4 - Section 2 - Unit 3 The term "Environment" is defined as our surroundings which includes the abiotic component (the non living) and biotic component (the living) around us. The abiotic environment includes water‚ air and soil while the biotic environment consists of all living organisms – plants‚ animals and microorganisms. Environmental pollution broadly refers to the presence of undesirable substances in the environment
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H220 GHS precautionary statements P210 EU Index 601-001-00-4 EU classification F+ R-phrases R12 S-phrases (S2)‚ S16‚ S33 NFPA 704 410 Flash point −188 °C Autoignition temperature 537 °C Explosive limits 5–15% Related compounds Related alkanes Methyl iodide Diiodomethane Iodoform Carbon tetraiodide Ethane Ethyl iodide Supplementary data page Structure and properties n‚ εr‚ etc. Thermodynamic data Phase behaviour Solid‚ liquid‚ gas Spectral data UV‚ IR‚ NMR‚ MS (verify)
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http://www.kewpid.com 1. Fossil fuels provide both energy and raw materials such as ethylene‚ for the production of other substances 1) Construct word and balanced chemical equations of chemical reactions as they are encountered • Methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water • CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) 2) Identify the industrial source of ethylene from the cracking of some of the fractions from refining of petroleum Generally‚ demand for petrol exceeds supply produced from fractional distillation
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1. (a)Correct the following statements. (i) The melting points of crystalline and amorphous solids are not definite. The melting point of an amorphous solid is not definite. OR The melting point of a crystalline solid is definite. P Ps X solute . Ps P Ps The equation for relative lowering of vapour pressure when solute remains normal is X solute P (iii)The degree of ionization decreases with dilution. The degree of ionisation increases with dilution. (iv) Tertiary butyl halide
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