photographic film and other coated materials. It plays an important role in the acetylation of aniline to form acetanilide. Acetanilide is in the general category of organic chemicals‚ since its main element is carbon. More specifically‚ it is an amide since it contains a carbon double bonded to an oxygen atom‚ while that same carbon is also connected to a nitrogen atom. It is also classified as an aromatic compound because the six carbon
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The Impact of Municipal Solid Waste on the Environment "We cannot adopt the way of living that was satisfactory a hundred years ago. The world in which we live has changed‚ and we must change with it"(Adler). We are living in a consumist - throwaway society (see Figure 1815) where there is little awareness about the impact of Municipal Solid Waste‚ "MSWmore commonly known as trash or garbageconsists of everyday items such as paper and paperboard (35.7%)‚ yard waste (12.2%)‚ food wastes (11.4%)
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Introduction to Pharmacology Chapter 1 – Pharmacology intro Pharmacology is the study of drugs. A drug can be any substance that‚ when administered to living organisms‚ produces a change in function. Thus‚ substances such as water‚ metals (iron)‚ or insecticides can be classified as drugs. However‚ the term drug commonly means any medication that is used for diagnosing‚ curing‚ or treating disease Every drug produces its intended effect‚ or therapeutic effect‚ along with other effects. The therapeutic
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Phenol‚ also known as carbolic acid‚ is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (-C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). It is mildly acidic‚ but requires careful handling due to its propensity to cause chemical burns. Phenol was first extracted from coal tar‚ but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion kg/year) from petroleum. It is an important industrial commodity as a
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How Primary Structure Determines Protein Function Proteins are everywhere. As enzymes‚ they catalyse chemical reactions. There are many different types of proteins: carrier and channel proteins which transport substances‚ receptor proteins which are recognition site for antibodies and hormones‚ structural proteins which support cells and tissues‚ and hormones which transmit information. Proteins are big molecules with large molecular masses that are made up of many amino acids; they’re‚ essentially
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Alkali Metals Introduction Alkali metals refer to six elements belonging to the Group IA of the long form of the Modern Periodic Table‚ viz. Lithium (Li)‚ Sodium (Na)‚ Potassium (K)‚ Rubidium (Rb)‚ Cesium (Cs) and Francium (Fr). Fr is a radioactive element. These elements are called so because they form strongly alkaline oxides and hydroxides. Electronic Configuration of Alkali Metals Each of the alkali metals has one electron in their outermost (valence) shell‚ which is just outside an inert
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than many controlled substances. They have not been designated as illegal by any state or federal codes‚ because they are relatively obscure and have never been subjected to abuse. Although chemicals such as mescaline and lysergic acid amide are controlled by Title 21 of the United States Code (1970 edition)‚ their plant sources (except for ergot and peyote) are not so controlled. It is therefore legal to possess San Pedro cactus‚ morning glory seeds‚ Hawaiian wood rose‚ etc
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Appendix APPENDIX 1 Chemical tests for functional groups Homologous series/ Typical compound Functional group(s) Alkanes CH3CH3 ethane C – C and C–H Alkenes CH2 = CH2 ethene C=C Chemical tests/Observations Add liquid bromine in ultraviolet light (or sunlight): White fumes of HBr liberated; decolourisation of bromine occurs slowly (a) Add Br2 in CCl4 at room temperature: Decolourisation of bromine occurs immediately CH2 = CH2 + Br2 → CH2BrCH2Br (b) Add acidified
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Chapter 3 3.1 Identify the functional groups in each of the following molecules: O C NH2 H N O C OH H C CH2 (a) (b) O (c) Solutions: a. b. c. d. Amide‚ double bond Amine‚ carboxylic acid Double bond‚ ketone‚ ester O OCH3 (d) CH2OH Aromatic ring‚ double bond‚ alcohol (a) Alcohol (d) Amine (b) Aromatic ring (e) both ketone and amine (c) Carboxylic acid (f) two double bonds 3.2 Propose structures for simple molecules that contain the following functional groups:
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Discussion of Problems Peptide I – PDB I (β – Sheet) Figure 1. ‘Cartoon view’ of Peptide I showing its secondary structure Figure 1 illustrates the secondary structure of PDB file 1 which shows a β – Sheet. 3 hydrogen bond interactions between an amide and oxygen group were identified. The 3 sets of residues that hydrogen bonds were formed between were identified and shown below in Figure 2. Bond distances and bond angles were identified. (Bond distance – Coloured blue‚ Bond angle – Coloured yellow)
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