document. You may copy and paste the table‚ or create a similar table in the document.) After completing the molecular models‚ fill in the table below: (18 points) Molecule What is the central atom of this molecule? Number of lone pairs on the central atom Number of atoms bonded to the central atom Molecular geometry Bond angle (based on VSEPR theory) CCl2F2 C Zero 4 Tetrahedral 109 degrees HCN C Zero 2 Linear 180 degrees H2O O Two 2 Linear Bent 109 degrees
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Year 11 Module 1 – The Chemical Earth The Earth is made up of a large number of different substances: elements‚ compounds & mixtures We can classify elements & compounds as pure substances. These are always HOMOGENEOUS. Mixtures are not pure substances and can be either homogeneous or HETEROGENEOUS. Pure substances have a fixed composition eg copper metal‚ sulfur‚ carbon dioxide (CO2)‚ methane (CH4). Mixtures have variable composition and can also be separated into its components relatively
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matter or space. It can be in the form of electromagnetic waves or energetic particles. Ionizing radiation has the ability to knock an electron from an atom‚ i.e. to ionize. Examples of ionizing radiation include: • alpha particles • beta particles • neutrons • gamma rays • x-rays Non-ionizing radiation does not have enough energy to ionize atoms in the material it interacts with. Examples of non-ionizing radiation include: • microwaves • visible light • radio waves • TV waves • Ultraviolet radiation
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Cloud: the region of an atom in which there is a probability that an electron exists * Quantum Mechanics: theory of the atom in which electrons are described in terms of their energies/probability patterns (model looks like smoke around a circle) * Principal Quantum # (n from 2n^2 formula for max # e- per level): # specifying the theoretical energy lvl of an elctron in the atom * Avg Atomic Mass: weighted avg of masses of an atom’s isotopes * Isotope: atoms with same # of protons but
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(b) # of 1H atoms=2.76 moles x 0.6022e24 x 2 atoms of H x 0.99985 abund. =3.32e24 atoms of 1H (c) # of 2 H atoms=2.76 moles x 0.6022e24 x 2 atoms of H x 0.015e-2 abund. =4.98e20 atoms of 2 H 50 =2.76 moles 18.01533 2.16 The fission of the nucleus of 235 U releases approximately 200MeV. How much energy (in kilowatt235 hours and megawatt-days) is released when 1 g of Solution: U undergoes fission? 1g 235 U 1g 0.6022 1024 fissioned 235 Uatoms 2.563 1021 atoms 235 g 2.563
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The scientific definition of an atom has changed a lot throughout history. Currently‚ the atom is known as the basic unit of a chemical‚ but there was a time when that was not known among scientists. There were multiple scientists that contributed to the creation of the first Atomic Theory: Democritus‚ Antoine Lavoisier‚ Joseph Proust‚ and John Dalton. Dalton took the information that he had taken from the three scientists prior to him and put everything into one theory. The Atomic Theory is the
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------------------------------------------------- Lewis structure From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia The Lewis structure of acarbon atom‚ showing its fourvalence electrons The Lewis structure of water Lewis structures (also known as Lewis dot diagrams‚ electron dot diagrams‚ and electron dot structures) are diagrams that show the bondingbetween atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule.[1][2][3] A Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently bondedmolecule
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(CO‚ H2O ….) – MO diagrams for Transition metal complexes An introduction to Molecular Orbital Theory 6 Lecture Course Prof S.M.Draper SNIAMS Institute 2.5 smdraper@tcd.ie 2 Lecture schedule Lecture 1 Revision of Bohr model of atoms and Schrödinger equation Lecture 2 Atomic wavefunctions and radial distribution functions of s and p orbitals Lecture 3 Literature More complex wavefunctions and radial distribution functions and electron shielding. Revision of Lewis
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bond where the valence electrons are lost from one atom and gained by another. This exchange results in a more from one atom and gained by another. When an atom gains or loses electrons while being bonded with another atom an ion is formed. This bond causes an atom to become either a positive or negative ion. Electrons have a negative charge‚ meaning that if an atom loses an electron‚ the amount of protons are greater than electrons. This makes the atom turn into a positive ion which is known as a cation
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incident light‚ in particular its wavelength. This will be our task‚ in this first optics lab exercise. The analysis of diffraction patterns is used extensively in the sciences to provide information about the microscopic structure of molecules‚ atoms‚ and nuclei. In addition to various forms of light (gamma rays‚ x-rays‚ visible light‚ infra-red‚ radio waves)‚ even high-energy atomic and sub-atomic particles (electrons‚ protons‚ and neutrons) can be used in diffraction studies. If one wants
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